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An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition

The neighbourhood built environment can support the physical activity of adults regardless of their individual-level socioeconomic status. However, physical activity supportive (walkable) neighbourhoods may not be accessible to those with lower incomes if homes in walkable neighbourhoods are too exp...

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Autores principales: Christie, Chelsea D., Friedenreich, Christine M., Vena, Jennifer E., Doiron, Dany, McCormack, Gavin R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10231822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37256893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285397
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author Christie, Chelsea D.
Friedenreich, Christine M.
Vena, Jennifer E.
Doiron, Dany
McCormack, Gavin R.
author_facet Christie, Chelsea D.
Friedenreich, Christine M.
Vena, Jennifer E.
Doiron, Dany
McCormack, Gavin R.
author_sort Christie, Chelsea D.
collection PubMed
description The neighbourhood built environment can support the physical activity of adults regardless of their individual-level socioeconomic status. However, physical activity supportive (walkable) neighbourhoods may not be accessible to those with lower incomes if homes in walkable neighbourhoods are too expensive. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values in Canadian cities, and 2) to test whether these associations differ by city size and residential property type composition within neighbourhoods. We linked built environment data from the 2016 Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) index with neighbourhood-level structural home characteristics and sociodemographic data from the 2016 Canadian census for 33,026 neighbourhoods across 31 Census Metropolitan Areas. We used multilevel linear regression models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between neighbourhood walkability and natural-log median home values and tested city size and neighbourhood property type composition as moderators. There were no statistically significant associations between walkability and home values overall. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values were jointly moderated by city size and property type composition. For small and medium sized cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was negatively associated with home values (b = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; and, b = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.02, for small and medium cities, respectively). However, for extra-large cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was positively associated with home values (b = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). Our findings suggest that, based on housing affordability, higher walkable neighbourhoods are likely accessible to lower income households that are situated in small and medium Canadian cities. In larger cities, however, municipal interventions (e.g., inclusionary zoning or targeted development of subsidized or social housing) may be needed to ensure equitable access to walkable neighbourhoods for lower income households.
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spelling pubmed-102318222023-06-01 An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition Christie, Chelsea D. Friedenreich, Christine M. Vena, Jennifer E. Doiron, Dany McCormack, Gavin R. PLoS One Research Article The neighbourhood built environment can support the physical activity of adults regardless of their individual-level socioeconomic status. However, physical activity supportive (walkable) neighbourhoods may not be accessible to those with lower incomes if homes in walkable neighbourhoods are too expensive. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values in Canadian cities, and 2) to test whether these associations differ by city size and residential property type composition within neighbourhoods. We linked built environment data from the 2016 Canadian Active Living Environments (Can-ALE) index with neighbourhood-level structural home characteristics and sociodemographic data from the 2016 Canadian census for 33,026 neighbourhoods across 31 Census Metropolitan Areas. We used multilevel linear regression models to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between neighbourhood walkability and natural-log median home values and tested city size and neighbourhood property type composition as moderators. There were no statistically significant associations between walkability and home values overall. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and home values were jointly moderated by city size and property type composition. For small and medium sized cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was negatively associated with home values (b = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; and, b = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.02, for small and medium cities, respectively). However, for extra-large cities, within neighbourhoods containing a high proportion of detached homes, walkability was positively associated with home values (b = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). Our findings suggest that, based on housing affordability, higher walkable neighbourhoods are likely accessible to lower income households that are situated in small and medium Canadian cities. In larger cities, however, municipal interventions (e.g., inclusionary zoning or targeted development of subsidized or social housing) may be needed to ensure equitable access to walkable neighbourhoods for lower income households. Public Library of Science 2023-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10231822/ /pubmed/37256893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285397 Text en © 2023 Christie et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Christie, Chelsea D.
Friedenreich, Christine M.
Vena, Jennifer E.
Doiron, Dany
McCormack, Gavin R.
An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title_full An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title_fullStr An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title_full_unstemmed An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title_short An ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in Canada: Moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
title_sort ecological analysis of walkability and housing affordability in canada: moderation by city size and neighbourhood property type composition
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10231822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37256893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285397
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