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New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells
Anti-proliferative effects of halogenated boroxine – K(2)(B(3)O(3)F(4)OH) (HB) – have been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines, including melanoma, but the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. This study aimed to determine its cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian melanoma (GR-M) cell grow...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Sciendo
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10231888/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37014684 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3702 |
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author | Elez-Burnjaković, Nikolina Pojskić, Lejla Haverić, Anja Lojo-Kadrić, Naida Omanović, Maida Hadžić Ramić, Jasmin Smajlović, Ajla Maksimović, Milka Haverić, Sanin |
author_facet | Elez-Burnjaković, Nikolina Pojskić, Lejla Haverić, Anja Lojo-Kadrić, Naida Omanović, Maida Hadžić Ramić, Jasmin Smajlović, Ajla Maksimović, Milka Haverić, Sanin |
author_sort | Elez-Burnjaković, Nikolina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anti-proliferative effects of halogenated boroxine – K(2)(B(3)O(3)F(4)OH) (HB) – have been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines, including melanoma, but the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. This study aimed to determine its cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian melanoma (GR-M) cell growth in vitro as well as on the expression of cell death-related genes BCL-2, BECN1, DRAM1, and SQSTM1. GR-M and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were treated with different HB concentrations and their growth inhibition and relative gene expression profiles were determined using the Alamar blue assay and real-time PCR. HB significantly inhibited cell growth of both GR-M and PBM cells but was even more effective in GR-M melanoma cells, as significant inhibition occurred at a lower HB concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. GR-M BCL-2 expression was significantly downregulated (P=0.001) at HB concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, which suggests that HB is a potent tumour growth inhibitor. At the same time, it upregulated BCL-2 expression in normal (PBM) cells, probably by activating protective mechanisms against induced cytotoxicity. In addition, all but the lowest HB concentrations significantly upregulated SQSTM1 (P=0.001) in GR-M cells. Upregulated BECN1 expression suggests early activation of autophagy at the lowest HB concentration in SQSTM1 cells and at all HB concentrations in PBM cells. Our findings clearly show HB-associated cell death and, along with previous cytotoxicity studies, reveal its promising anti-tumour potential. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10231888 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Sciendo |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102318882023-06-01 New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells Elez-Burnjaković, Nikolina Pojskić, Lejla Haverić, Anja Lojo-Kadrić, Naida Omanović, Maida Hadžić Ramić, Jasmin Smajlović, Ajla Maksimović, Milka Haverić, Sanin Arh Hig Rada Toksikol Original Article Anti-proliferative effects of halogenated boroxine – K(2)(B(3)O(3)F(4)OH) (HB) – have been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines, including melanoma, but the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. This study aimed to determine its cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian melanoma (GR-M) cell growth in vitro as well as on the expression of cell death-related genes BCL-2, BECN1, DRAM1, and SQSTM1. GR-M and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were treated with different HB concentrations and their growth inhibition and relative gene expression profiles were determined using the Alamar blue assay and real-time PCR. HB significantly inhibited cell growth of both GR-M and PBM cells but was even more effective in GR-M melanoma cells, as significant inhibition occurred at a lower HB concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. GR-M BCL-2 expression was significantly downregulated (P=0.001) at HB concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, which suggests that HB is a potent tumour growth inhibitor. At the same time, it upregulated BCL-2 expression in normal (PBM) cells, probably by activating protective mechanisms against induced cytotoxicity. In addition, all but the lowest HB concentrations significantly upregulated SQSTM1 (P=0.001) in GR-M cells. Upregulated BECN1 expression suggests early activation of autophagy at the lowest HB concentration in SQSTM1 cells and at all HB concentrations in PBM cells. Our findings clearly show HB-associated cell death and, along with previous cytotoxicity studies, reveal its promising anti-tumour potential. Sciendo 2023-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10231888/ /pubmed/37014684 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3702 Text en © 2023 Nikolina Elez-Burnjaković et al., published by Sciendo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Elez-Burnjaković, Nikolina Pojskić, Lejla Haverić, Anja Lojo-Kadrić, Naida Omanović, Maida Hadžić Ramić, Jasmin Smajlović, Ajla Maksimović, Milka Haverić, Sanin New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title | New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title_full | New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title_fullStr | New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title_full_unstemmed | New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title_short | New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells |
title_sort | new in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in gr-m melanoma cells |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10231888/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37014684 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3702 |
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