Cryotherapy for low rectal and anal cancer: recommendation and indications

Low rectal cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. Organ preservation in the treatment of low rectal cancer is a challenge. By combining surgical resection with freezing—a complementary treatment for low rectal cancer—the anus can be preserved in some patients. However, we lack unified standards for colorectal cancer cryotherapy. Our hospital has been treating patients with cryotherapy since 1976. In our department, the indications for and contraindications to low rectal and anal cancer treatment are well established. In this paper, we summarize the indications for and contraindications to cryotherapy for colorectal cancer by reviewing the literature, drawing on our experience, and considering current imaging and histological techniques. Our aim is to facilitate clinical discussion and promote appropriate treatment.