Technical Aspects and Clinical Outcomes of Robotic Ureteroscopy: Is It Ready for Primetime?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Robotic surgery in urology has already been widely employed in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery for minimally invasive procedures (MIS). We wanted to analyse rapidly developing robotic ureteroscopy (RoboURS) for the treatment of renal stone disease. RECENT FINDINGS: A comprehensive literature review was performed for technical aspects and clinical outcomes of RoboURS. RoboURS has made significant breakthroughs with each model proving that this technology improves ergonomics and supports surgeon and instrument longevity while minimising musculoskeletal issues in retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS). Further randomised controlled trials are required to compare the efficacy of RoboURS vs manual flexible ureteroscopy (FURS). The cost-effectiveness will also need to be assessed prior to widespread acceptance into urological infrastructure and mainstream practice. SUMMARY: RoboURS continues to evolve despite the limitations of infrastructure and cost-effectiveness. It holds the promise of a better future for surgeon longevity, reduced peri-operative morbidity and better workplace environment.