Multiplexed single-molecule force spectroscopy for dissecting biophysical regulation of membrane receptors functions on live cells

Complex physical cues including two-dimensional membrane environment, dynamic mechanical force, and bioelectric activity inevitably affect membrane receptor functions. Multiplexed single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) techniques with the capability of live-cell measurements are essential to systemically dissect receptor’s functions under complex biophysical regulation. In this review, we summarize recent progress of live-cell based SMFS techniques and specifically focus on the progress of SMFS on the biomembrane force probe with enhanced mechanical stability and multiplexed capability of fluorescence imaging. We further suggest the necessity of developing multiplexed SMFS techniques with simultaneous bioelectric regulation capability to investigate membrane potential regulated membrane receptor functions. These state-of-art multiplexed SMFS techniques will dissect membrane receptors functions in a systematic biophysical angle, resolving the biochemical, biomechanical and bioelectrical regulatory mechanisms in physiologically relevant conditions.