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Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens

BACKGROUND: A coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has recently been proposed for detecting ascarid infections in chickens. The excretion pattern of ascarid antigens through chicken faeces and the consistency of measurements over the course of infections are currently unknown. This...

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Autores principales: Oladosu, Oyekunle John, Hennies, Mark, Stehr, Manuel, Metges, Cornelia C., Gauly, Matthias, Daş, Gürbüz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37264440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05782-5
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author Oladosu, Oyekunle John
Hennies, Mark
Stehr, Manuel
Metges, Cornelia C.
Gauly, Matthias
Daş, Gürbüz
author_facet Oladosu, Oyekunle John
Hennies, Mark
Stehr, Manuel
Metges, Cornelia C.
Gauly, Matthias
Daş, Gürbüz
author_sort Oladosu, Oyekunle John
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has recently been proposed for detecting ascarid infections in chickens. The excretion pattern of ascarid antigens through chicken faeces and the consistency of measurements over the course of infections are currently unknown. This study evaluates the pattern and repeatability of worm antigen per gram of faeces (APG) and compares the diagnostic performance of the coproantigen ELISA with a plasma and egg yolk antibody ELISA and McMaster faecal egg counts (M-FEC) at different weeks post-infection (wpi). METHODS: Faecal, blood and egg yolk samples were collected from laying hens that were orally infected with a mix of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs (N = 108) or kept as uninfected controls (N = 71). Measurements including (a) APG using a coproantigen ELISA, (b) eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) using the McMaster technique and (c) ascarid-specific IgY in plasma and in egg yolks using an ascarid-specific antibody ELISA) were performed between wpi 2 and 18. RESULTS: Time-dependent significant differences in APG between infected and non-infected laying hens were quantified. At wpi 2 (t((164)) = 0.66, P = 1.00) and 4 (t((164)) = −3.09, P = 0.094) no significant differences were observed between the groups, whereas infected hens had significantly higher levels of APG than controls by wpi 6 (t((164)) =  −6.74, P < 0.001). As indicated by a high overall repeatability estimate of 0.91 (CI = 0.89–0.93), APG could be measured consistently from the same individual. Compared to McMaster and antibody ELISA, coproantigen ELISA showed the highest overall diagnostic performance (area under curve, AUC = 0.93), although the differences were time-dependent. From wpi 6 to 18 coproantigen ELISA had an AUC > 0.95, while plasma IgY ELISA showed the highest diagnostic performance in wpi 2 (AUC = 0.95). M-FEC had the highest correlation with total worm burden, while APG had highest correlations with weights and lengths of A. galli. CONCLUSION: Ascarid antigen excretion through chicken faeces can be measured with high accuracy and repeatability using a coproantigen ELISA. The antigen excretion increases over time, and is associated with worm maturation, particularly with the size of A. galli. Our results suggest the necessity of complementary use of different diagnostic tools for a more accurate diagnosis of infections. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-023-05782-5.
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spelling pubmed-102340792023-06-02 Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens Oladosu, Oyekunle John Hennies, Mark Stehr, Manuel Metges, Cornelia C. Gauly, Matthias Daş, Gürbüz Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: A coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has recently been proposed for detecting ascarid infections in chickens. The excretion pattern of ascarid antigens through chicken faeces and the consistency of measurements over the course of infections are currently unknown. This study evaluates the pattern and repeatability of worm antigen per gram of faeces (APG) and compares the diagnostic performance of the coproantigen ELISA with a plasma and egg yolk antibody ELISA and McMaster faecal egg counts (M-FEC) at different weeks post-infection (wpi). METHODS: Faecal, blood and egg yolk samples were collected from laying hens that were orally infected with a mix of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs (N = 108) or kept as uninfected controls (N = 71). Measurements including (a) APG using a coproantigen ELISA, (b) eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) using the McMaster technique and (c) ascarid-specific IgY in plasma and in egg yolks using an ascarid-specific antibody ELISA) were performed between wpi 2 and 18. RESULTS: Time-dependent significant differences in APG between infected and non-infected laying hens were quantified. At wpi 2 (t((164)) = 0.66, P = 1.00) and 4 (t((164)) = −3.09, P = 0.094) no significant differences were observed between the groups, whereas infected hens had significantly higher levels of APG than controls by wpi 6 (t((164)) =  −6.74, P < 0.001). As indicated by a high overall repeatability estimate of 0.91 (CI = 0.89–0.93), APG could be measured consistently from the same individual. Compared to McMaster and antibody ELISA, coproantigen ELISA showed the highest overall diagnostic performance (area under curve, AUC = 0.93), although the differences were time-dependent. From wpi 6 to 18 coproantigen ELISA had an AUC > 0.95, while plasma IgY ELISA showed the highest diagnostic performance in wpi 2 (AUC = 0.95). M-FEC had the highest correlation with total worm burden, while APG had highest correlations with weights and lengths of A. galli. CONCLUSION: Ascarid antigen excretion through chicken faeces can be measured with high accuracy and repeatability using a coproantigen ELISA. The antigen excretion increases over time, and is associated with worm maturation, particularly with the size of A. galli. Our results suggest the necessity of complementary use of different diagnostic tools for a more accurate diagnosis of infections. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-023-05782-5. BioMed Central 2023-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10234079/ /pubmed/37264440 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05782-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Oladosu, Oyekunle John
Hennies, Mark
Stehr, Manuel
Metges, Cornelia C.
Gauly, Matthias
Daş, Gürbüz
Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title_full Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title_fullStr Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title_full_unstemmed Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title_short Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
title_sort pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of coproantigen measurements as compared with mcmaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37264440
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05782-5
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