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Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults
BACKGROUND: Pain is associated with cognitive decline among older adults, but few studies have investigated bidirectional associations between pain and cognitive decline, especially in older Hispanic populations. Our objective was to assess the bidirectional association between pain interference and...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10235200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35881065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac141 |
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author | Milani, Sadaf Arefi Bell, Tyler R Crowe, Michael Pope, Caitlin N Downer, Brian |
author_facet | Milani, Sadaf Arefi Bell, Tyler R Crowe, Michael Pope, Caitlin N Downer, Brian |
author_sort | Milani, Sadaf Arefi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Pain is associated with cognitive decline among older adults, but few studies have investigated bidirectional associations between pain and cognitive decline, especially in older Hispanic populations. Our objective was to assess the bidirectional association between pain interference and cognitive performance in a sample of older Puerto Rican adults. METHODS: Data came from baseline and 4-year follow-up of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study, a longitudinal representative study of Puerto Rican older adults aged 60 and older. Pain and cognitive performance were assessed at each wave. A pain interference variable was created using the sum of pain status (yes/no) and pain interference (yes/no; range 0–2). Global cognitive performance was assessed with the Mini-Mental Cabán. We tested bidirectional associations using a path model with concurrent and cross-lagged paths between pain and cognitive performance, adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors (n = 2 349). RESULTS: Baseline pain interference was not associated with baseline cognitive performance (p = .636) or with cognitive performance at follow-up (p = .594). However, increased pain interference at follow-up was associated with greater cognitive decline at follow-up (β = −0.07, standard error [SE] = 0.02, p = .003). Greater baseline cognitive performance was associated with lower pain interference at follow-up (β = −0.07, SE = 0.02, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of worsening pain interference as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, as pain treatment options exist. Additionally, better baseline cognitive performance may be a protective factor for pain, providing further evidence of the dynamic relationship between pain and cognitive performance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10235200 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102352002023-06-03 Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults Milani, Sadaf Arefi Bell, Tyler R Crowe, Michael Pope, Caitlin N Downer, Brian J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences BACKGROUND: Pain is associated with cognitive decline among older adults, but few studies have investigated bidirectional associations between pain and cognitive decline, especially in older Hispanic populations. Our objective was to assess the bidirectional association between pain interference and cognitive performance in a sample of older Puerto Rican adults. METHODS: Data came from baseline and 4-year follow-up of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study, a longitudinal representative study of Puerto Rican older adults aged 60 and older. Pain and cognitive performance were assessed at each wave. A pain interference variable was created using the sum of pain status (yes/no) and pain interference (yes/no; range 0–2). Global cognitive performance was assessed with the Mini-Mental Cabán. We tested bidirectional associations using a path model with concurrent and cross-lagged paths between pain and cognitive performance, adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors (n = 2 349). RESULTS: Baseline pain interference was not associated with baseline cognitive performance (p = .636) or with cognitive performance at follow-up (p = .594). However, increased pain interference at follow-up was associated with greater cognitive decline at follow-up (β = −0.07, standard error [SE] = 0.02, p = .003). Greater baseline cognitive performance was associated with lower pain interference at follow-up (β = −0.07, SE = 0.02, p = .007). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of worsening pain interference as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, as pain treatment options exist. Additionally, better baseline cognitive performance may be a protective factor for pain, providing further evidence of the dynamic relationship between pain and cognitive performance. Oxford University Press 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10235200/ /pubmed/35881065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac141 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences Milani, Sadaf Arefi Bell, Tyler R Crowe, Michael Pope, Caitlin N Downer, Brian Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title | Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title_full | Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title_fullStr | Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title_short | Increasing Pain Interference Is Associated With Cognitive Decline Over Four Years Among Older Puerto Rican Adults |
title_sort | increasing pain interference is associated with cognitive decline over four years among older puerto rican adults |
topic | THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: Medical Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10235200/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35881065 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac141 |
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