A multicenter study on the quantification of liver iron concentration in thalassemia patients by means of the MRI T(2)(*) technique

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of quantifying liver iron concentration (LIC) in patients with thalassemia (TM) using 1.5T and 3T T(2)(*) MRI. METHODS: 1.5T MRI T(2)(*) values were measured in 391 TM patients from three medical centers: the T(2)(*) values of the test group were combined with the LIC (LIC(F)) provided by FerriScan to construct the curve equation. In addition, the liver 3T MRI liver T(2)(*) data of 55 TM patients were measured as the 3T group: the curve equation of 3T T(2)(*) value and LIC(F) was constructed. RESULTS: Based on the test group LIC(F) (0.6–43 mg/g dw) and the corresponding 1.5T T(2)(*) value, the equation was LIC(F) = 37.393 [Formula: see text] (−1.22) (R(2) = 0.971; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between LIC(e − 1.5T) and LIC(F) in each validation group (Z = −1.269, −0.977, −1.197; P = 0.204, 0.328, 0.231). There was significant consistency (Kendall's W = 0.991, 0.985, 0.980; all P < 0.001) and high correlation (r(s) = 0.983, 0.971, 0.960; all P < 0.001) between the two methods. There was no significant difference between the clinical grading results of LIC(e − 1.5T) and LIC(F) in each validation group (χ(2) = 3.0, 4.0, 2.0; P = 0.083, 0.135, 0.157), and there was significant consistency between the clinical grading results (Kappa's K = 0.943, 0.891, 0.953; P < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between the LIC(F) (≥14 mg/g dw) and the 3T T(2)(*) value of severe iron overload (P = 0.085). The LIC(F) (2–14 mg/g dw) in mild and moderate iron overload was significantly correlated with the corresponding T(2)(*) value (r(s) = −0.940; P < 0.001). The curve equation constructed from LIC(F) and corresponding 3T T(2)(*) values in this range is LIC(F) = 18.463T(2)(*)∧((−1.142)) (R(2) = 0.889; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between LIC(F) and LIC(e − 3T) in the mild to moderate range (Z = −0.523; P = 0.601), and there was a significant correlation (r(s) = 0.940; P < 0.001) and significant consistency (Kendall's W = 0.970; P = 0.008) between them. LIC(e − 3T) had high diagnostic efficiency in the diagnosis of severe, moderate, and mild liver iron overload (specificity = 1.000, 0.909; sensitivity = 0.972, 1.000). CONCLUSION: The liver iron concentration can be accurately quantified based on the 1.5T T(2)(*) value of the liver and the specific LIC-T(2)(*) curve equation. 3T T(2)(*) technology can accurately quantify mild-to-moderate LIC, but it is not recommended to use 3T T(2)(*) technology to quantify higher iron concentrations.