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A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle. While most European countries have introduced efficient eradication programs, BLV is still present worldwide and no treatment is available....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37268923 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-023-00623-w |
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author | Plant, Estelle Bellefroid, Maxime Van Lint, Carine |
author_facet | Plant, Estelle Bellefroid, Maxime Van Lint, Carine |
author_sort | Plant, Estelle |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle. While most European countries have introduced efficient eradication programs, BLV is still present worldwide and no treatment is available. A major feature of BLV infection is the viral latency, which enables the escape from the host immune system, the maintenance of a persistent infection and ultimately the tumoral development. BLV latency is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting in the silencing of viral genes due to genetic and epigenetic repressions of the viral promoter located in the 5ʹ Long Terminal Repeat (5ʹLTR). However, viral miRNAs and antisense transcripts are expressed from two different proviral regions, respectively the miRNA cluster and the 3ʹLTR. These latter transcripts are expressed despite the viral latency affecting the 5ʹLTR and are increasingly considered to take part in tumoral development. In the present review, we provide a summary of the experimental evidence that has enabled to characterize the molecular mechanisms regulating each of the three BLV transcriptional units, either through cis-regulatory elements or through epigenetic modifications. Additionally, we describe the recently identified BLV miRNAs and antisense transcripts and their implications in BLV-induced tumorigenesis. Finally, we discuss the relevance of BLV as an experimental model for the closely related human T-lymphotropic virus HTLV-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10236774 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102367742023-06-03 A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation Plant, Estelle Bellefroid, Maxime Van Lint, Carine Retrovirology Review Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle. While most European countries have introduced efficient eradication programs, BLV is still present worldwide and no treatment is available. A major feature of BLV infection is the viral latency, which enables the escape from the host immune system, the maintenance of a persistent infection and ultimately the tumoral development. BLV latency is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting in the silencing of viral genes due to genetic and epigenetic repressions of the viral promoter located in the 5ʹ Long Terminal Repeat (5ʹLTR). However, viral miRNAs and antisense transcripts are expressed from two different proviral regions, respectively the miRNA cluster and the 3ʹLTR. These latter transcripts are expressed despite the viral latency affecting the 5ʹLTR and are increasingly considered to take part in tumoral development. In the present review, we provide a summary of the experimental evidence that has enabled to characterize the molecular mechanisms regulating each of the three BLV transcriptional units, either through cis-regulatory elements or through epigenetic modifications. Additionally, we describe the recently identified BLV miRNAs and antisense transcripts and their implications in BLV-induced tumorigenesis. Finally, we discuss the relevance of BLV as an experimental model for the closely related human T-lymphotropic virus HTLV-1. BioMed Central 2023-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10236774/ /pubmed/37268923 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-023-00623-w Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Plant, Estelle Bellefroid, Maxime Van Lint, Carine A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title | A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title_full | A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title_fullStr | A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title_full_unstemmed | A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title_short | A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
title_sort | complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10236774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37268923 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12977-023-00623-w |
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