Impact of Birth Companionship on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Primigravida Women in a Government Tertiary Care Center

Background: Studies have shown that the support provided by birth companions during labour and childbirth improves maternal and neonatal outcomes and helps women in having a positive childbirth experience. Objective: To study the role of birth companionship on maternal and foetal outcomes along with their satisfaction rates in primigravidas supported by birth companions compared to those receiving routine care in the labour room. Design: The study was a prospective comparative observational study. One hundred fifty primigravida women were randomly divided into two groups, one group (n = 75) who were allowed a female companion of their choice (A) and the other group (n = 75) who did not have a birth companion receiving routine standard care as routinely practised in our hospital. The data was entered in MS Excel Sheet and analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Spontaneous vaginal births were significantly higher in group A (Group A: mean = 67; SD = 89.3%, Group B: mean = 57; SD = 76 %; p = 0.03) along with a favourable trend in a shorter duration of the first stage of labour (9.96±1.09 vs 11.95±3.11 hours) and decreased need of augmentation (Group A; mean = 10; SD = 13.3, Group B: mean = 23; SD = 30.7; p = 0.01). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in group A (Group A: mean = 60; SD = 80, Group B: mean = 44; SD = 58.7; p <0.01) and in the early initiation of breastfeeding (Group A: mean = 70; SD = 93.3, Group B: mean = 55; SD = 73.3; p <0.01). No statistical difference was observed between the mean duration of labour, mode of delivery, and NICU stay of the baby. Conclusions: Companionship during labour may improve outcomes for women and infants, including increased spontaneous vaginal birth, shorter labour duration, a low five-minute Apgar score, and higher satisfaction rates with childbirth experiences.