Biosynthesis of Co(3)O(4) nanomedicine by using Mollugo oppositifolia L. aqueous leaf extract and its antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal activities

Nanotechnology is a relatively revolutionary area that generates day-to-day advancement. It makes a significant impact on our daily life. For example, in parasitology, catalysis and cosmetics, nanoparticles possess distinctive possessions that make it possible for them in a broad range of areas. We utilized Mollugo oppositifolia L. aqueous leaf extract assisted chemical reduction method to synthesize Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles. Biosynthesized Co(3)O(4) Nps were confirmed via UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, EDX, Fourier-transform infrared, and HR-TEM analysis. The crystallite size from XRD studies revealed around 22.7 nm. The biosynthesized Co(3)O(4) nanoparticle was further assessed for mosquito larvicidal activity against south-urban mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus, and antimicrobial activities. The synthesized Co(3)O(4) particle (2) displayed significant larvicidal activity towards mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus with the LD(50) value of 34.96 µg/mL than aqueous plant extract (1) and control Permethrin with the LD(50) value of 82.41 and 72.44 µg/mL. When compared to the standard antibacterial treatment, Ciprofloxacin, the Co(3)O(4) nanoparticle (2) produced demonstrates significantly enhanced antibacterial action against the pathogens E. coli and B. cereus. The MIC for Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles 2 against C. albicans was under 1 μg/mL, which was much lower than the MIC for the control drug, clotrimale, which was 2 µg per milliliter. Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles 2, with a MIC of 2 μg/mL, has much higher antifungal activity than clotrimale, whose MIC is 4 μg/mL, against M. audouinii.