Sciatic nerve endometriosis – The correct approach matters: A case report

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting nearly 10–15% of women of reproductive age and most frequently occurs in the pelvis. Extrapelvic endometriosis leading to sacral neuropathy is rare. A 29-year old woman, para 1 (vaginal delivery 8 years previously), presented with worsening right hip and buttock pain radiating to the right leg, resulting in limping and other gait changes due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. A diagnosis of sciatic nerve endometriosis was made based on both clinical and imaging findings. The final diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Transgluteal excision of the sciatic nerve with concomitant laparoscopy for exploration of the pelvic part of the sciatic nerve and excision of the pelvic endometriosis were undertaken. The operating team included a gynaecologist, an orthopaedic surgeon and a neurosurgeon. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and physiotherapy was started. Pain and gait improved. Endometriosis of the sciatic nerve should be suspected if a patient complains of cyclical sciatica. Magnetic resonance remains the imaging modality of choice. This case report illustrates the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach.