Preliminary Pilot-Testing of Social Determinants of Health Screener for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Med-Peds

In the United States, one in six children has an intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, seizures, and developmental delays, with or without intellectual impairment. Individuals with I/DDs experience disproportionate rates of immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders, as well as anxiety, depression, functional somatic symptoms, and other co-occurring physical and mental health conditions. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, having an I/DD emerged as one of the strongest predictors of contracting and dying from COVID-19. These findings spurred increased attention toward the myriad health inequities affecting this population well before the pandemic. While inequities for individuals with I/DD can be traced to many factors, social determinants of health (SDOH) - the underlying social, economic, and environmental conditions that lead to poor health outcomes and high healthcare costs - are key contributors. Our interdisciplinary combined internal medicine and pediatrics (Med-Peds) team of physicians, psychologists, and researchers within a large, diverse, academic health system aimed to pilot-test the implementation of a five-item SDOH screener within a Med-Peds specialty clinic focused on the developmental needs of individuals with I/DD and their families (Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities {LEND}) and a general primary care practice (PCP). The SDOH screener tested in this initiative includes five items from the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool (HRSN) assessing social isolation, food insecurity, transportation, and paying for basic needs, such as housing and medical care. In this study, we describe the process of implementing this screener and collecting initial pilot data from 747 patients between October 2022 and April 2023 across the LEND and the primary care practice. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities identified during the mid-way point of implementation and pilot testing. The results of this pilot study revealed low response rates among SDOH screeners, spurring several measures to increase uptake, including increasing the accessibility of the screener and ensuring the screener results in effective referrals. We call on additional Med-Peds healthcare teams without universal SDOH screening protocols in place - particularly those serving the I/DD population - to consider adopting these practices.