Janus porous polylactic acid membranes with versatile metal–phenolic interface for biomimetic periodontal bone regeneration

Conventional treatment to periodontal and many other bone defects requires the use of barrier membranes to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, current barrier membranes normally lack of the ability to actively regulate the bone repairing process. Herein, we proposed a biomimetic bone tissue engineering strategy enabled by a new type of Janus porous polylactic acid membrane (PLAM), which was fabricated by combining unidirectional evaporation-induced pore formation with subsequent self-assembly of a bioactive metal–phenolic network (MPN) nanointerface. The prepared PLAM-MPN simultaneously possesses barrier function on the dense side and bone-forming function on the porous side. In vitro, the presence of MPN nanointerface potently alleviated the proinflammatory polarization of mice bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), induced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and enhanced the attachment, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). The implantation of PLAM-MPN into rat periodontal bone defects remarkably enhanced bone regeneration. This bioactive MPN nanointerface within a Janus porous membrane possesses versatile capacities to regulate cell physiology favoring bone regeneration, demonstrating great potential as GTR and GBR membranes for clinical applications.