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Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing
In alpine skiing, estimation of the muscle forces and joint loads such as the forces in the ACL of the knee are essential to quantify the loading pattern of the skier during turning maneuvers. Since direct measurement of these forces is generally not feasible, non-invasive methods based on musculosk...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37270655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35775-4 |
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author | Heinrich, Dieter van den Bogert, Antonie J. Mössner, Martin Nachbauer, Werner |
author_facet | Heinrich, Dieter van den Bogert, Antonie J. Mössner, Martin Nachbauer, Werner |
author_sort | Heinrich, Dieter |
collection | PubMed |
description | In alpine skiing, estimation of the muscle forces and joint loads such as the forces in the ACL of the knee are essential to quantify the loading pattern of the skier during turning maneuvers. Since direct measurement of these forces is generally not feasible, non-invasive methods based on musculoskeletal modeling should be considered. In alpine skiing, however, muscle forces and ACL forces have not been analyzed during turning maneuvers due to the lack of three dimensional musculoskeletal models. In the present study, a three dimensional musculoskeletal skier model was successfully applied to track experimental data of a professional skier. During the turning maneuver, the primary activated muscles groups of the outside leg, bearing the highest loads, were the gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis as well as the medial and lateral hamstrings. The main function of these muscles was to generate the required hip extension and knee extension moments. The gluteus maximus was also the main contributor to the hip abduction moment when the hip was highly flexed. Furthermore, the lateral hamstrings and gluteus maximus contributed to the hip external rotation moment in addition to the quadratus femoris. Peak ACL forces reached 211 N on the outside leg with the main contribution in the frontal plane due to an external knee abduction moment. Sagittal plane contributions were low due to consistently high knee flexion (> 60[Formula: see text] ), substantial co-activation of the hamstrings and the ground reaction force pushing the anteriorly inclined tibia backwards with respect to the femur. In conclusion, the present musculoskeletal simulation model provides a detailed insight into the loading of a skier during turning maneuvers that might be used to analyze appropriate training loads or injury risk factors such as the speed or turn radius of the skier, changes of the equipment or neuromuscular control parameters. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10239490 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102394902023-06-05 Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing Heinrich, Dieter van den Bogert, Antonie J. Mössner, Martin Nachbauer, Werner Sci Rep Article In alpine skiing, estimation of the muscle forces and joint loads such as the forces in the ACL of the knee are essential to quantify the loading pattern of the skier during turning maneuvers. Since direct measurement of these forces is generally not feasible, non-invasive methods based on musculoskeletal modeling should be considered. In alpine skiing, however, muscle forces and ACL forces have not been analyzed during turning maneuvers due to the lack of three dimensional musculoskeletal models. In the present study, a three dimensional musculoskeletal skier model was successfully applied to track experimental data of a professional skier. During the turning maneuver, the primary activated muscles groups of the outside leg, bearing the highest loads, were the gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis as well as the medial and lateral hamstrings. The main function of these muscles was to generate the required hip extension and knee extension moments. The gluteus maximus was also the main contributor to the hip abduction moment when the hip was highly flexed. Furthermore, the lateral hamstrings and gluteus maximus contributed to the hip external rotation moment in addition to the quadratus femoris. Peak ACL forces reached 211 N on the outside leg with the main contribution in the frontal plane due to an external knee abduction moment. Sagittal plane contributions were low due to consistently high knee flexion (> 60[Formula: see text] ), substantial co-activation of the hamstrings and the ground reaction force pushing the anteriorly inclined tibia backwards with respect to the femur. In conclusion, the present musculoskeletal simulation model provides a detailed insight into the loading of a skier during turning maneuvers that might be used to analyze appropriate training loads or injury risk factors such as the speed or turn radius of the skier, changes of the equipment or neuromuscular control parameters. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10239490/ /pubmed/37270655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35775-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Heinrich, Dieter van den Bogert, Antonie J. Mössner, Martin Nachbauer, Werner Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title | Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title_full | Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title_fullStr | Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title_full_unstemmed | Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title_short | Model-based estimation of muscle and ACL forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
title_sort | model-based estimation of muscle and acl forces during turning maneuvers in alpine skiing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37270655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35775-4 |
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