Efficacy of MRI Over Ultrasound in Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding With Histopathological Correlation

Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common problems in gynecologic practice. In the peri- and postmenopausal age group, it accounts for more than 70% of all gynecological complaints. The current study's objective was to compare the effectiveness of MRI and ultrasonography (USG) in detecting the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding with pathological correlation. Material and methods We conducted an observational study involving subjects with abnormal uterine bleeding. Patients who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding were referred to the department of radiodiagnosis and underwent USG of the abdomen and pelvis, followed by an MRI of the pelvis. Findings were analyzed and compared with the histopathological examination (HPE) of the samples of hysterectomized uterus, polypectomy, myomectomy, and dilation and curettage (D&C) of the endometrium. Results Among the study population, USG reports showed two patients (4.10%) with polyps, seven patients (14.58%) with adenomyosis, 25 patients (52.08%) with leiomyomas, and 14 patients (29.16%) with malignancies. On MRI examination, three patients (6.25%) were diagnosed with polyps, nine patients (18.7%) with adenomyosis, 22 patients (45.8%) with leiomyomas, and 14 patients (29.16%) were reported to have malignancies. The measure of agreement with the kappa value for MRI and HPE in evaluating the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding is 1.0 (very good). Whereas the kappa agreement value of USG and HPE in evaluating the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding is 0.903 (acceptable). The sensitivity of USG in diagnosing polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and malignancy was observed at 66%, 77.78%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and malignancy was 100% for each. Conclusion MRI is the most effective method for accurate identification of the location, number, and characterization of lesions, extensions, and staging of carcinomas.