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Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis promote the development of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. These bacteria are difficult to eliminate from the root canal systems, leading to persistent infection and poor treatment outcomes. We explored the response of human den...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Wen, Xu, Tiansong, Li, Xueying, Zhang, Yifei, Zou, Xiaoying, Chen, Feng, Yue, Lin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37287452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1166934
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author Zhang, Wen
Xu, Tiansong
Li, Xueying
Zhang, Yifei
Zou, Xiaoying
Chen, Feng
Yue, Lin
author_facet Zhang, Wen
Xu, Tiansong
Li, Xueying
Zhang, Yifei
Zou, Xiaoying
Chen, Feng
Yue, Lin
author_sort Zhang, Wen
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis promote the development of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. These bacteria are difficult to eliminate from the root canal systems, leading to persistent infection and poor treatment outcomes. We explored the response of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to bacterial invasion and the mechanisms underlying the impact of residual bacteria on dental pulp regeneration. Methods: Single-cell sequencing was used to categorize the hDPSCs into clusters based on their response to P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. We depicted a single-cell transcriptome atlas of hDPSCs stimulated by P. gingivalis or E. faecalis. Results: The most differentially expressed genes in the Pg samples were THBS1, COL1A2, CRIM1, and STC1, which are related to matrix formation and mineralization, and HILPDA and PLIN2, which are related to the cellular response to hypoxia. A cell cluster characterized by high expression levels of THBS1 and PTGS2 was increased after P. gingivalis stimulation. Further signaling pathway analysis showed that hDPSCs prevented P. gingivalis infection by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Differentiation potency and pseudotime trajectory analyses showed that hDPSCs infected by P. gingivalis undergo multidirectional differentiation, particularly to the mineralization-related cell lineage. Furthermore, P. gingivalis can create a hypoxia environment to effect cell differentiation. The Ef samples were characterized by the expression of CCL2, which is related to leukocyte chemotaxis, and ACTA2, which is related to actin. There was an increased proportion of a cell cluster that was similar to myofibroblasts and exhibited significant ACTA2 expression. The presence of E. faecalis promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into fibroblast-like cells, which highlights the role of fibroblast-like cells and myofibroblasts in tissue repair. Discussion: hDPSCs do not maintain their stem cell status in the presence of P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. They differentiate into mineralization-related cells in the presence of P. gingivalis and into fibroblast-like cells in the presence of E. faecalis. We identified the mechanism underlying the infection of hDPSCs by P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. Our results will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. Furthermore, the presence of residual bacteria can have adverse effects on the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment.
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spelling pubmed-102421162023-06-07 Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis Zhang, Wen Xu, Tiansong Li, Xueying Zhang, Yifei Zou, Xiaoying Chen, Feng Yue, Lin Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis promote the development of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. These bacteria are difficult to eliminate from the root canal systems, leading to persistent infection and poor treatment outcomes. We explored the response of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to bacterial invasion and the mechanisms underlying the impact of residual bacteria on dental pulp regeneration. Methods: Single-cell sequencing was used to categorize the hDPSCs into clusters based on their response to P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. We depicted a single-cell transcriptome atlas of hDPSCs stimulated by P. gingivalis or E. faecalis. Results: The most differentially expressed genes in the Pg samples were THBS1, COL1A2, CRIM1, and STC1, which are related to matrix formation and mineralization, and HILPDA and PLIN2, which are related to the cellular response to hypoxia. A cell cluster characterized by high expression levels of THBS1 and PTGS2 was increased after P. gingivalis stimulation. Further signaling pathway analysis showed that hDPSCs prevented P. gingivalis infection by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Differentiation potency and pseudotime trajectory analyses showed that hDPSCs infected by P. gingivalis undergo multidirectional differentiation, particularly to the mineralization-related cell lineage. Furthermore, P. gingivalis can create a hypoxia environment to effect cell differentiation. The Ef samples were characterized by the expression of CCL2, which is related to leukocyte chemotaxis, and ACTA2, which is related to actin. There was an increased proportion of a cell cluster that was similar to myofibroblasts and exhibited significant ACTA2 expression. The presence of E. faecalis promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs into fibroblast-like cells, which highlights the role of fibroblast-like cells and myofibroblasts in tissue repair. Discussion: hDPSCs do not maintain their stem cell status in the presence of P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. They differentiate into mineralization-related cells in the presence of P. gingivalis and into fibroblast-like cells in the presence of E. faecalis. We identified the mechanism underlying the infection of hDPSCs by P. gingivalis and E. faecalis. Our results will improve understanding of the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. Furthermore, the presence of residual bacteria can have adverse effects on the outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10242116/ /pubmed/37287452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1166934 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Xu, Li, Zhang, Zou, Chen and Yue. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Zhang, Wen
Xu, Tiansong
Li, Xueying
Zhang, Yifei
Zou, Xiaoying
Chen, Feng
Yue, Lin
Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title_full Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title_fullStr Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title_full_unstemmed Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title_short Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis
title_sort single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis and enterococcus faecalis
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10242116/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37287452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1166934
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