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Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings

Most studies on the perception of style have used whole scenes/entire paintings; in our study, we isolated a single motif (an apple) to reduce or even eliminate the influence of composition, iconography, and other contextual information. In this article, we empirically address two fundamental questi...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Yuguang, Stumpel, Jeroen, de Ridder, Huib, Wijntjes, Maarten W. A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37266933
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.6.2
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author Zhao, Yuguang
Stumpel, Jeroen
de Ridder, Huib
Wijntjes, Maarten W. A.
author_facet Zhao, Yuguang
Stumpel, Jeroen
de Ridder, Huib
Wijntjes, Maarten W. A.
author_sort Zhao, Yuguang
collection PubMed
description Most studies on the perception of style have used whole scenes/entire paintings; in our study, we isolated a single motif (an apple) to reduce or even eliminate the influence of composition, iconography, and other contextual information. In this article, we empirically address two fundamental questions of the existence (Experiment 1) and description (Experiment 2) of style. We chose 48 cut-outs of mostly Western European paintings (15th to 21st century) that showed apples. In Experiment 1, 415 unique participants completed online triplet similarity tasks. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) reached a nonrandom three-dimensional (3D) embedding, showing that participants are able to judge stylistic differences in a systematic way. We also found a strong correlation between creation year and embedding, both a linear correlation with Dimension 2, and a rotational correlation in the first two dimensions. To interpret the embedding further, in Experiment 2, we fitted three color statistics and nine attribute ratings (glossiness, three-dimensionality, convincingness, brush coarseness, etc.) to the 3D perceptual style space. Results showed that Dimension 1 is associated with spatial attributes (Smoothness, Brushstroke coarseness) and Convincingness, Dimension 2 is related to Hue, and Dimension 3 is related to Chroma. The results suggest that texture and color are two important variables for style perception. By isolating the motifs, we could exclude higher levels of information such as composition and context. Interestingly, the results reinforce previous findings using whole scenes, suggesting that style can already be perceived in sometimes very small fragments of paintings.
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spelling pubmed-102434982023-06-07 Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings Zhao, Yuguang Stumpel, Jeroen de Ridder, Huib Wijntjes, Maarten W. A. J Vis Article Most studies on the perception of style have used whole scenes/entire paintings; in our study, we isolated a single motif (an apple) to reduce or even eliminate the influence of composition, iconography, and other contextual information. In this article, we empirically address two fundamental questions of the existence (Experiment 1) and description (Experiment 2) of style. We chose 48 cut-outs of mostly Western European paintings (15th to 21st century) that showed apples. In Experiment 1, 415 unique participants completed online triplet similarity tasks. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) reached a nonrandom three-dimensional (3D) embedding, showing that participants are able to judge stylistic differences in a systematic way. We also found a strong correlation between creation year and embedding, both a linear correlation with Dimension 2, and a rotational correlation in the first two dimensions. To interpret the embedding further, in Experiment 2, we fitted three color statistics and nine attribute ratings (glossiness, three-dimensionality, convincingness, brush coarseness, etc.) to the 3D perceptual style space. Results showed that Dimension 1 is associated with spatial attributes (Smoothness, Brushstroke coarseness) and Convincingness, Dimension 2 is related to Hue, and Dimension 3 is related to Chroma. The results suggest that texture and color are two important variables for style perception. By isolating the motifs, we could exclude higher levels of information such as composition and context. Interestingly, the results reinforce previous findings using whole scenes, suggesting that style can already be perceived in sometimes very small fragments of paintings. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2023-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10243498/ /pubmed/37266933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.6.2 Text en Copyright 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Article
Zhao, Yuguang
Stumpel, Jeroen
de Ridder, Huib
Wijntjes, Maarten W. A.
Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title_full Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title_fullStr Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title_full_unstemmed Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title_short Zooming in on style: Exploring style perception using details of paintings
title_sort zooming in on style: exploring style perception using details of paintings
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243498/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37266933
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.6.2
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