The joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on incidence of grade 1 versus grades 2–3 meningioma across the lifespan

BACKGROUND: Previous research has identified older age, African-American race, and female sex as meningioma risk factors, but there is limited information on their joint effects, or on how these demographic factors vary across strata of tumor grade. METHODS: The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) is a population-based registry combining data from the CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program which covers ~100% of the U.S. population and aggregates incidence data on all primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors. These data were used to explore the joint impacts of sex and race/ethnicity on average annual age-adjusted incidence rates of meningioma. We calculated meningioma incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by sex and race/ethnicity, across strata of age and tumor grade. RESULTS: Compared to individuals who are non-Hispanic White, individuals who are non-Hispanic Black had significantly higher risk of grade 1 (IRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.21–1.24) and grade 2–3 meningioma (IRR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.37–1.47). The female-to-male IRR peaked in the fifth decade of life across all racial/ethnic groups and tumor grades, but was 3.59 (95% CI: 3.51–3.67) for WHO grade 1 meningioma and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.63–1.87) for WHO grade 2–3 meningioma. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the joint effects of sex and race/ethnicity on meningioma incidence throughout the lifespan and across strata of tumor grade, highlighting incidence disparities among females and African-Americans that may inform future strategies for tumor interception.