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Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary

Exposure to airborne isocyanates has, for decades, been a leading cause of occupational asthma. As respiratory sensitizers, isocyanates can induce allergic respiratory diseases with symptoms persisting even without further exposure. As this cause of occupational asthma is recognized it should be alm...

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Autores principales: McConnachie, Glen, Johnson, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36866423
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxad007
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author McConnachie, Glen
Johnson, Paul
author_facet McConnachie, Glen
Johnson, Paul
author_sort McConnachie, Glen
collection PubMed
description Exposure to airborne isocyanates has, for decades, been a leading cause of occupational asthma. As respiratory sensitizers, isocyanates can induce allergic respiratory diseases with symptoms persisting even without further exposure. As this cause of occupational asthma is recognized it should be almost entirely preventable. In several countries isocyanates are assigned occupational exposure limits based on the total of reactive isocyanate groups (TRIG). The measurement of TRIG has some significant advantages over the measurement of individual isocyanate compounds. This exposure metric is explicit, simplifying calculations, and comparisons across published data. It reduces the risk of underestimating exposure by ‘missing’ important isocyanate compounds that may be present but are not the target analytes. It allows for quantification of exposure to complex mixtures of isocyanates, di-isocyanates monomers, prepolymers, polyisocyanates, oligomers, and/or intermediate forms. This is becoming increasingly important as more complex isocyanate products are being used in the workplace. There are many methods and techniques for measuring air concentrations/potential exposure to isocyanates. Several established methods have been standardized and published as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods. While some may be applied directly for determination of TRIG, others (developed for determination of individual isocyanates), require modification. This commentary aims to highlight the relative merits and limitations of those methods capable of determining TRIG and also considers potential future developments.
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spelling pubmed-102439252023-06-07 Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary McConnachie, Glen Johnson, Paul Ann Work Expo Health Commentary Exposure to airborne isocyanates has, for decades, been a leading cause of occupational asthma. As respiratory sensitizers, isocyanates can induce allergic respiratory diseases with symptoms persisting even without further exposure. As this cause of occupational asthma is recognized it should be almost entirely preventable. In several countries isocyanates are assigned occupational exposure limits based on the total of reactive isocyanate groups (TRIG). The measurement of TRIG has some significant advantages over the measurement of individual isocyanate compounds. This exposure metric is explicit, simplifying calculations, and comparisons across published data. It reduces the risk of underestimating exposure by ‘missing’ important isocyanate compounds that may be present but are not the target analytes. It allows for quantification of exposure to complex mixtures of isocyanates, di-isocyanates monomers, prepolymers, polyisocyanates, oligomers, and/or intermediate forms. This is becoming increasingly important as more complex isocyanate products are being used in the workplace. There are many methods and techniques for measuring air concentrations/potential exposure to isocyanates. Several established methods have been standardized and published as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods. While some may be applied directly for determination of TRIG, others (developed for determination of individual isocyanates), require modification. This commentary aims to highlight the relative merits and limitations of those methods capable of determining TRIG and also considers potential future developments. Oxford University Press 2023-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10243925/ /pubmed/36866423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxad007 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Commentary
McConnachie, Glen
Johnson, Paul
Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title_full Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title_fullStr Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title_full_unstemmed Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title_short Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (TRIG) Measurement: A Commentary
title_sort total reactive isocyanate group (trig) measurement: a commentary
topic Commentary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36866423
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxad007
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