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Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts
Book production by medieval scriptoria have gained growing interest in recent studies. In this context, identifying ink compositions and parchment animal species from illuminated manuscripts is of great importance. Here, we introduce time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a non...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10245198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37293355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230059 |
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author | Gravis, David Roy, Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, Nicolas Houssiau, Laurent Felten, Alexandre Tumanov, Nikolay Deparis, Olivier |
author_facet | Gravis, David Roy, Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, Nicolas Houssiau, Laurent Felten, Alexandre Tumanov, Nikolay Deparis, Olivier |
author_sort | Gravis, David |
collection | PubMed |
description | Book production by medieval scriptoria have gained growing interest in recent studies. In this context, identifying ink compositions and parchment animal species from illuminated manuscripts is of great importance. Here, we introduce time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a non-invasive tool to identify both inks and animal skins in manuscripts, at the same time. For this purpose, both positive and negative ion spectra in inked and non-inked areas were recorded. Chemical compositions of pigments (decoration) or black inks (text) were determined by searching for characteristic ion mass peaks. Animal skins were identified by data processing of raw ToF-SIMS spectra using principal component analysis (PCA). In illuminated manuscripts from the fifteenth to sixteenth century, malachite (green), azurite (blue), cinnabar (red) inorganic pigments, as well as iron-gall black ink, were identified. Carbon black and indigo (blue) organic pigments were also identified. Animal skins were identified in modern parchments of known animal species by a two-step PCA procedure. We believe the proposed method will find extensive application in material studies of medieval manuscripts, as it is non-invasive, highly sensitive and able to identify both inks and animal skins at the same time, even from traces of pigments and tiny scanned areas. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10245198 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Royal Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102451982023-06-08 Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts Gravis, David Roy, Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, Nicolas Houssiau, Laurent Felten, Alexandre Tumanov, Nikolay Deparis, Olivier R Soc Open Sci Chemistry Book production by medieval scriptoria have gained growing interest in recent studies. In this context, identifying ink compositions and parchment animal species from illuminated manuscripts is of great importance. Here, we introduce time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) as a non-invasive tool to identify both inks and animal skins in manuscripts, at the same time. For this purpose, both positive and negative ion spectra in inked and non-inked areas were recorded. Chemical compositions of pigments (decoration) or black inks (text) were determined by searching for characteristic ion mass peaks. Animal skins were identified by data processing of raw ToF-SIMS spectra using principal component analysis (PCA). In illuminated manuscripts from the fifteenth to sixteenth century, malachite (green), azurite (blue), cinnabar (red) inorganic pigments, as well as iron-gall black ink, were identified. Carbon black and indigo (blue) organic pigments were also identified. Animal skins were identified in modern parchments of known animal species by a two-step PCA procedure. We believe the proposed method will find extensive application in material studies of medieval manuscripts, as it is non-invasive, highly sensitive and able to identify both inks and animal skins at the same time, even from traces of pigments and tiny scanned areas. The Royal Society 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10245198/ /pubmed/37293355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230059 Text en © 2023 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Gravis, David Roy, Nicolas Ruffini-Ronzani, Nicolas Houssiau, Laurent Felten, Alexandre Tumanov, Nikolay Deparis, Olivier Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title | Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title_full | Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title_fullStr | Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title_full_unstemmed | Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title_short | Secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
title_sort | secondary ion mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for revealing ink formulations and animal skins in medieval manuscripts |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10245198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37293355 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230059 |
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