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Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants

BACKGROUND: Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) occurs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding, and cause infection among several new-borns. However, there is limited recent evidence on the burden of MTCT of HIV in Ethiopia from a large-scale data. Thus, th...

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Autores principales: Gutema, Gadissa, Tola, Habteyes Hailu, Fikadu, Dinka, Leta, Dereje, Bejiga, Birra, Tura, Jaleta Bulti, Abdella, Saro, Mamo, Hassen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10245613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37280581
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04074-2
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author Gutema, Gadissa
Tola, Habteyes Hailu
Fikadu, Dinka
Leta, Dereje
Bejiga, Birra
Tura, Jaleta Bulti
Abdella, Saro
Mamo, Hassen
author_facet Gutema, Gadissa
Tola, Habteyes Hailu
Fikadu, Dinka
Leta, Dereje
Bejiga, Birra
Tura, Jaleta Bulti
Abdella, Saro
Mamo, Hassen
author_sort Gutema, Gadissa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) occurs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding, and cause infection among several new-borns. However, there is limited recent evidence on the burden of MTCT of HIV in Ethiopia from a large-scale data. Thus, this study aimed to determine the positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of MTCT among HIV-exposed infants. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,679 infants whose specimen referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute HIV referral laboratory for Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Data were extracted from the national EID database. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the data on characteristics of infants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with positivity rate of MTCT of HIV. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean age of the infants was 12.6 (± 14.6) weeks with an age range of 4 to 72 weeks. Half of the infants (51.4%) were female. The positivity rate of MTCT decreased from 2.9% in 2016 to 0.9% in 2020 with five-year average positivity rate of 2.6%. HIV test after six weeks (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.8–4.0,)); p < 0.001), absence of prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) service (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: (2.9–7.4)); p = 0.001), nevirapine prophylaxis not received (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: (1.3–3.2)); p < 0.001), and unknown ART status of the mother at delivery (AOR = 11; 95% CI: (5.5–22.1)); p < 0.001) were significantly associated with MTCT of HIV. CONCLUSION: The positivity rate of MTCT of HIV was showing declining tendency gradually in the study period. Strengthening PMTCT service, early HIV screening and starting ART for pregnant women, and early infant diagnosis are required to reduce the burden of HIV infection among infants exposed to HIV.
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spelling pubmed-102456132023-06-08 Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants Gutema, Gadissa Tola, Habteyes Hailu Fikadu, Dinka Leta, Dereje Bejiga, Birra Tura, Jaleta Bulti Abdella, Saro Mamo, Hassen BMC Pediatr Research BACKGROUND: Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) occurs during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding, and cause infection among several new-borns. However, there is limited recent evidence on the burden of MTCT of HIV in Ethiopia from a large-scale data. Thus, this study aimed to determine the positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of MTCT among HIV-exposed infants. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,679 infants whose specimen referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute HIV referral laboratory for Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Data were extracted from the national EID database. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the data on characteristics of infants. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with positivity rate of MTCT of HIV. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean age of the infants was 12.6 (± 14.6) weeks with an age range of 4 to 72 weeks. Half of the infants (51.4%) were female. The positivity rate of MTCT decreased from 2.9% in 2016 to 0.9% in 2020 with five-year average positivity rate of 2.6%. HIV test after six weeks (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.8–4.0,)); p < 0.001), absence of prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) service (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: (2.9–7.4)); p = 0.001), nevirapine prophylaxis not received (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: (1.3–3.2)); p < 0.001), and unknown ART status of the mother at delivery (AOR = 11; 95% CI: (5.5–22.1)); p < 0.001) were significantly associated with MTCT of HIV. CONCLUSION: The positivity rate of MTCT of HIV was showing declining tendency gradually in the study period. Strengthening PMTCT service, early HIV screening and starting ART for pregnant women, and early infant diagnosis are required to reduce the burden of HIV infection among infants exposed to HIV. BioMed Central 2023-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10245613/ /pubmed/37280581 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04074-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Gutema, Gadissa
Tola, Habteyes Hailu
Fikadu, Dinka
Leta, Dereje
Bejiga, Birra
Tura, Jaleta Bulti
Abdella, Saro
Mamo, Hassen
Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title_full Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title_fullStr Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title_full_unstemmed Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title_short Positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV-exposed infants
title_sort positivity rate, trend and associated risk factors of mother-to-child transmission of hiv among hiv-exposed infants
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10245613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37280581
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04074-2
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