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Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land

Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We co...

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Autores principales: Wagner, Robert, Montoya, Liliam, Head, Jennifer R., Campo, Simon, Remais, Justin, Taylor, John W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10246812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37228157
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011391
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author Wagner, Robert
Montoya, Liliam
Head, Jennifer R.
Campo, Simon
Remais, Justin
Taylor, John W.
author_facet Wagner, Robert
Montoya, Liliam
Head, Jennifer R.
Campo, Simon
Remais, Justin
Taylor, John W.
author_sort Wagner, Robert
collection PubMed
description Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We collected 710 soil samples and 265 settled dust samples from nine sites in the San Joaquin Valley and examined how Coccidioides detection varied by month, site, and the presence and abundance of other fungal species. We detected Coccidioides in 89 of 238 (37.4%) rodent burrow soil samples at five undeveloped sites and were unable to detect Coccidioides in any of 472 surface and subsurface soil samples at four agricultural sites. In what is the largest sampling effort undertaken on agricultural land, our results provide no evidence that agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley harbor Coccidioides. We found no clear association between Coccidioides and the greater soil fungal community, but we identified 19 fungal indicator species that were significantly associated with Coccidioides detection in burrows. We also did not find a seasonal pattern in Coccidioides detection in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. These findings suggest both the presence of a spore bank and that coccidioidomycosis incidence may be more strongly associated with Coccidioides dispersal than Coccidioides growth. Finally, we were able to detect Coccidioides in only five of our 265 near-surface settled dust samples, one from agricultural land, where Coccidioides was undetected in soils, and four from undeveloped land, where Coccidioides was common in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. Our ability to detect Coccidioides in few settled dust samples indicates that improved methods are likely needed moving forward, though raises questions regarding aerial dispersal in Coccidioides, whose key transmission event likely occurs over short distances in rodent burrows from soil to naïve rodent lungs.
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spelling pubmed-102468122023-06-08 Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land Wagner, Robert Montoya, Liliam Head, Jennifer R. Campo, Simon Remais, Justin Taylor, John W. PLoS Pathog Research Article Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We collected 710 soil samples and 265 settled dust samples from nine sites in the San Joaquin Valley and examined how Coccidioides detection varied by month, site, and the presence and abundance of other fungal species. We detected Coccidioides in 89 of 238 (37.4%) rodent burrow soil samples at five undeveloped sites and were unable to detect Coccidioides in any of 472 surface and subsurface soil samples at four agricultural sites. In what is the largest sampling effort undertaken on agricultural land, our results provide no evidence that agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley harbor Coccidioides. We found no clear association between Coccidioides and the greater soil fungal community, but we identified 19 fungal indicator species that were significantly associated with Coccidioides detection in burrows. We also did not find a seasonal pattern in Coccidioides detection in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. These findings suggest both the presence of a spore bank and that coccidioidomycosis incidence may be more strongly associated with Coccidioides dispersal than Coccidioides growth. Finally, we were able to detect Coccidioides in only five of our 265 near-surface settled dust samples, one from agricultural land, where Coccidioides was undetected in soils, and four from undeveloped land, where Coccidioides was common in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. Our ability to detect Coccidioides in few settled dust samples indicates that improved methods are likely needed moving forward, though raises questions regarding aerial dispersal in Coccidioides, whose key transmission event likely occurs over short distances in rodent burrows from soil to naïve rodent lungs. Public Library of Science 2023-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10246812/ /pubmed/37228157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011391 Text en © 2023 Wagner et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wagner, Robert
Montoya, Liliam
Head, Jennifer R.
Campo, Simon
Remais, Justin
Taylor, John W.
Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title_full Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title_fullStr Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title_full_unstemmed Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title_short Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
title_sort coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10246812/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37228157
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011391
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