Iatrogenic Rhinolith: A Case Report and Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION: Unilateral nasal obstruction is a common complaint with a broad differential diagnosis that includes anatomic asymmetry, unilateral infective or inflammatory conditions, and benign and malignant sinonasal masses. A rhinolith is an uncommon foreign body in the nose, which serves as a nidus for calcium salt deposition. The foreign body can be endogenous or exogenous in origin and may remain asymptomatic for many years before incidental discovery. When left untreated, stones may cause unilateral nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge, epistaxis or, in rare cases, progressive destruction leading to septal/palatal perforation or oro-antral fistula. Surgical removal is an effective intervention with limited complications reported. CASE REPORT: This article describes a 34-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) with unilateral obstructing nasal mass and epistaxis, which was found to be an iatrogenic rhinolith. Successful surgical removal was performed. CONCLUSION: Epistaxis and nasal obstruction are common presentations to the ED. Rhinolith is an uncommon clinical etiology that if left undiagnosed may lead to progressive destructive disease; it should be included in the differential for any unilateral nasal symptoms of unclear origin. Appropriate work-up for any suspected rhinolith includes computed tomography, as biopsy is risky given the broad differential of unilateral nasal mass. When identified, surgical removal has a high success rate with limited complications reported.