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Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors
BACKGROUND: We examined non-fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City (NYC). METHODS: We recruited 275 PWID through respondent driven sampling and staff outreach from Oct. 2021-Sept. 2022 and enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. Informa...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10247299/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37323939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100171 |
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author | Jarlais, Don Des Weng, Chenziheng Allen Feelemyer, Jonathan McKnight, Courtney |
author_facet | Jarlais, Don Des Weng, Chenziheng Allen Feelemyer, Jonathan McKnight, Courtney |
author_sort | Jarlais, Don Des |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: We examined non-fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City (NYC). METHODS: We recruited 275 PWID through respondent driven sampling and staff outreach from Oct. 2021-Sept. 2022 and enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. Information was collected on demographics, drug use behaviors, overdose experiences, substance use treatment history and strategies for coping with overdose threat. We compared PWID who did and did not experience non-fatal overdoses during lifetime and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Participants were 71% male, and the mean age was 49 (SD 10). Heroin was the most frequently reported drug used (79%), 82% were fentanyl positive at enrollment urinalysis, 60% had overdosed in their lifetime and 34% had overdosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In multivariable logistic regression, having previous overdosed, having a received a psychiatric diagnosis, and having a regular group of injectors were independently associated with experiencing an overdose during the pandemic. Overdose during the pandemic was unexpectedly high (approximately 30%) among persons reporting less than daily use of their main drug. Among PWID, 95% reported practicing at least one and 75% at least two overdose coping strategies. Practicing the different strategies, however, was generally not associated with a lower probability of experiencing an overdose. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a high rate of non-fatal overdoses among PWID in NYC during the pandemic. Fentanyl is almost ubiquitous in the drug supply in the city. PWID coping strategies are not yet providing strong protective effects against non-fatal overdose. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10247299 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102472992023-06-08 Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors Jarlais, Don Des Weng, Chenziheng Allen Feelemyer, Jonathan McKnight, Courtney Drug Alcohol Depend Rep Full Length Report BACKGROUND: We examined non-fatal drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City (NYC). METHODS: We recruited 275 PWID through respondent driven sampling and staff outreach from Oct. 2021-Sept. 2022 and enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. Information was collected on demographics, drug use behaviors, overdose experiences, substance use treatment history and strategies for coping with overdose threat. We compared PWID who did and did not experience non-fatal overdoses during lifetime and during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Participants were 71% male, and the mean age was 49 (SD 10). Heroin was the most frequently reported drug used (79%), 82% were fentanyl positive at enrollment urinalysis, 60% had overdosed in their lifetime and 34% had overdosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In multivariable logistic regression, having previous overdosed, having a received a psychiatric diagnosis, and having a regular group of injectors were independently associated with experiencing an overdose during the pandemic. Overdose during the pandemic was unexpectedly high (approximately 30%) among persons reporting less than daily use of their main drug. Among PWID, 95% reported practicing at least one and 75% at least two overdose coping strategies. Practicing the different strategies, however, was generally not associated with a lower probability of experiencing an overdose. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a high rate of non-fatal overdoses among PWID in NYC during the pandemic. Fentanyl is almost ubiquitous in the drug supply in the city. PWID coping strategies are not yet providing strong protective effects against non-fatal overdose. Elsevier 2023-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10247299/ /pubmed/37323939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100171 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Full Length Report Jarlais, Don Des Weng, Chenziheng Allen Feelemyer, Jonathan McKnight, Courtney Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title | Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title_full | Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title_fullStr | Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title_short | Non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City: Prevalence, risk factors |
title_sort | non-fatal drug overdose among persons who inject drugs during first two years of the covid-19 pandemic in new york city: prevalence, risk factors |
topic | Full Length Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10247299/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37323939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100171 |
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