Determination of Exogenous Adrenaline Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

[Image: see text] Core–shell quantum dot ZnS/CdSe screen-printed electrodes were used to electrochemically measure human blood plasma levels of exogenous adrenaline administered to cardiac arrest patients. The electrochemical behavior of adrenaline on the modified electrode surface was investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimal conditions, the linear working ranges of the modified electrode were 0.001–3 μM (DPV) and 0.001–300 μM (EIS). The best limit of detection for this concentration range was 2.79 × 10(–8) μM (DPV). The modified electrodes showed good reproducibility, stability, and sensitivity and successfully detected adrenaline levels.