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Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies

Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Typhoid fever and enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica are associated with 16–33 million infections and 500,000 to 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. The eradication of Salmonella is becoming increasingly difficult because of its r...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Kaixiang, Sun, Lei, Zhang, Xuehua, Xu, Xiangyue, Mi, Kun, Ma, Wenjin, Zhang, Lan, Huang, Lingli
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10249997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37303797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176317
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author Zhou, Kaixiang
Sun, Lei
Zhang, Xuehua
Xu, Xiangyue
Mi, Kun
Ma, Wenjin
Zhang, Lan
Huang, Lingli
author_facet Zhou, Kaixiang
Sun, Lei
Zhang, Xuehua
Xu, Xiangyue
Mi, Kun
Ma, Wenjin
Zhang, Lan
Huang, Lingli
author_sort Zhou, Kaixiang
collection PubMed
description Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Typhoid fever and enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica are associated with 16–33 million infections and 500,000 to 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. The eradication of Salmonella is becoming increasingly difficult because of its remarkable capacity to counter antimicrobial agents. In addition to the intrinsic and acquired resistance of Salmonella, increasing studies indicated that its non-inherited resistance, which commonly mentioned as biofilms and persister cells, plays a critical role in refractory infections and resistance evolution. These remind the urgent demand for new therapeutic strategies against Salmonella. This review starts with escape mechanisms of Salmonella against antimicrobial agents, with particular emphasis on the roles of the non-inherited resistance in antibiotic failure and resistance evolution. Then, drug design or therapeutic strategies that show impressive effects in overcoming Salmonella resistance and tolerance are summarized completely, such as overcoming the barrier of outer membrane by targeting MlaABC system, reducing persister cells by limiting hydrogen sulfide, and applying probiotics or predatory bacteria. Meanwhile, according to the clinical practice, the advantages and disadvantages of above strategies are discussed. Finally, we further analyze how to deal with this tricky problems, thus can promote above novel strategies to be applied in the clinic as soon as possible. We believed that this review will be helpful in understanding the relationships between tolerance phenotype and resistance of Salmonella as well as the efficient control of antibiotic resistance.
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spelling pubmed-102499972023-06-09 Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies Zhou, Kaixiang Sun, Lei Zhang, Xuehua Xu, Xiangyue Mi, Kun Ma, Wenjin Zhang, Lan Huang, Lingli Front Microbiol Microbiology Salmonella spp. is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. Typhoid fever and enteritis caused by Salmonella enterica are associated with 16–33 million infections and 500,000 to 600,000 deaths annually worldwide. The eradication of Salmonella is becoming increasingly difficult because of its remarkable capacity to counter antimicrobial agents. In addition to the intrinsic and acquired resistance of Salmonella, increasing studies indicated that its non-inherited resistance, which commonly mentioned as biofilms and persister cells, plays a critical role in refractory infections and resistance evolution. These remind the urgent demand for new therapeutic strategies against Salmonella. This review starts with escape mechanisms of Salmonella against antimicrobial agents, with particular emphasis on the roles of the non-inherited resistance in antibiotic failure and resistance evolution. Then, drug design or therapeutic strategies that show impressive effects in overcoming Salmonella resistance and tolerance are summarized completely, such as overcoming the barrier of outer membrane by targeting MlaABC system, reducing persister cells by limiting hydrogen sulfide, and applying probiotics or predatory bacteria. Meanwhile, according to the clinical practice, the advantages and disadvantages of above strategies are discussed. Finally, we further analyze how to deal with this tricky problems, thus can promote above novel strategies to be applied in the clinic as soon as possible. We believed that this review will be helpful in understanding the relationships between tolerance phenotype and resistance of Salmonella as well as the efficient control of antibiotic resistance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10249997/ /pubmed/37303797 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176317 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Sun, Zhang, Xu, Mi, Ma, Zhang and Huang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhou, Kaixiang
Sun, Lei
Zhang, Xuehua
Xu, Xiangyue
Mi, Kun
Ma, Wenjin
Zhang, Lan
Huang, Lingli
Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title_full Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title_fullStr Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title_full_unstemmed Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title_short Salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
title_sort salmonella antimicrobials inherited and the non-inherited resistance: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10249997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37303797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176317
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