Cargando…

Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement

Maize is recognized as the queen of cereals, with an ability to adapt to diverse agroecologies (from 58(o)N to 55(o)S latitude) and the highest genetic yield potential among cereals. Under contemporary conditions of global climate change, C(4) maize crops offer resilience and sustainability to ensur...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Karnatam, Krishna Sai, Mythri, Bikkasani, Un Nisa, Wajhat, Sharma, Heena, Meena, Tarun Kumar, Rana, Prabhat, Vikal, Yogesh, Gowda, M., Dhillon, Baldev Singh, Sandhu, Surinder
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37303948
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150132
_version_ 1785055796168491008
author Karnatam, Krishna Sai
Mythri, Bikkasani
Un Nisa, Wajhat
Sharma, Heena
Meena, Tarun Kumar
Rana, Prabhat
Vikal, Yogesh
Gowda, M.
Dhillon, Baldev Singh
Sandhu, Surinder
author_facet Karnatam, Krishna Sai
Mythri, Bikkasani
Un Nisa, Wajhat
Sharma, Heena
Meena, Tarun Kumar
Rana, Prabhat
Vikal, Yogesh
Gowda, M.
Dhillon, Baldev Singh
Sandhu, Surinder
author_sort Karnatam, Krishna Sai
collection PubMed
description Maize is recognized as the queen of cereals, with an ability to adapt to diverse agroecologies (from 58(o)N to 55(o)S latitude) and the highest genetic yield potential among cereals. Under contemporary conditions of global climate change, C(4) maize crops offer resilience and sustainability to ensure food, nutritional security, and farmer livelihood. In the northwestern plains of India, maize is an important alternative to paddy for crop diversification in the wake of depleting water resources, reduced farm diversity, nutrient mining, and environmental pollution due to paddy straw burning. Owing to its quick growth, high biomass, good palatability, and absence of anti-nutritional components, maize is also one of the most nutritious non-legume green fodders. It is a high-energy, low-protein forage commonly used for dairy animals like cows and buffalos, often in combination with a complementary high-protein forage such as alfalfa. Maize is also preferred for silage over other fodders due to its softness, high starch content, and sufficient soluble sugars required for proper ensiling. With a rapid population increase in developing countries like China and India, there is an upsurge in meat consumption and, hence, the requirement for animal feed, which entails high usage of maize. The global maize silage market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.84% from 2021 to 2030. Factors such as increasing demand for sustainable and environment-friendly food sources coupled with rising health awareness are fueling this growth. With the dairy sector growing at about 4%–5% and the increasing shortage faced for fodder, demand for silage maize is expected to increase worldwide. The progress in improved mechanization for the provision of silage maize, reduced labor demand, lack of moisture-related marketing issues as associated with grain maize, early vacancy of farms for next crops, and easy and economical form of feed to sustain household dairy sector make maize silage a profitable venture. However, sustaining the profitability of this enterprise requires the development of hybrids specific for silage production. Little attention has yet been paid to breeding for a plant ideotype for silage with specific consideration of traits such as dry matter yield, nutrient yield, energy in organic matter, genetic architecture of cell wall components determining their digestibility, stalk standability, maturity span, and losses during ensiling. This review explores the available information on the underlying genetic mechanisms and gene/gene families impacting silage yield and quality. The trade-offs between yield and nutritive value in relation to crop duration are also discussed. Based on available genetic information on inheritance and molecular aspects, breeding strategies are proposed to develop maize ideotypes for silage for the development of sustainable animal husbandry.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10250641
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-102506412023-06-10 Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement Karnatam, Krishna Sai Mythri, Bikkasani Un Nisa, Wajhat Sharma, Heena Meena, Tarun Kumar Rana, Prabhat Vikal, Yogesh Gowda, M. Dhillon, Baldev Singh Sandhu, Surinder Front Genet Genetics Maize is recognized as the queen of cereals, with an ability to adapt to diverse agroecologies (from 58(o)N to 55(o)S latitude) and the highest genetic yield potential among cereals. Under contemporary conditions of global climate change, C(4) maize crops offer resilience and sustainability to ensure food, nutritional security, and farmer livelihood. In the northwestern plains of India, maize is an important alternative to paddy for crop diversification in the wake of depleting water resources, reduced farm diversity, nutrient mining, and environmental pollution due to paddy straw burning. Owing to its quick growth, high biomass, good palatability, and absence of anti-nutritional components, maize is also one of the most nutritious non-legume green fodders. It is a high-energy, low-protein forage commonly used for dairy animals like cows and buffalos, often in combination with a complementary high-protein forage such as alfalfa. Maize is also preferred for silage over other fodders due to its softness, high starch content, and sufficient soluble sugars required for proper ensiling. With a rapid population increase in developing countries like China and India, there is an upsurge in meat consumption and, hence, the requirement for animal feed, which entails high usage of maize. The global maize silage market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.84% from 2021 to 2030. Factors such as increasing demand for sustainable and environment-friendly food sources coupled with rising health awareness are fueling this growth. With the dairy sector growing at about 4%–5% and the increasing shortage faced for fodder, demand for silage maize is expected to increase worldwide. The progress in improved mechanization for the provision of silage maize, reduced labor demand, lack of moisture-related marketing issues as associated with grain maize, early vacancy of farms for next crops, and easy and economical form of feed to sustain household dairy sector make maize silage a profitable venture. However, sustaining the profitability of this enterprise requires the development of hybrids specific for silage production. Little attention has yet been paid to breeding for a plant ideotype for silage with specific consideration of traits such as dry matter yield, nutrient yield, energy in organic matter, genetic architecture of cell wall components determining their digestibility, stalk standability, maturity span, and losses during ensiling. This review explores the available information on the underlying genetic mechanisms and gene/gene families impacting silage yield and quality. The trade-offs between yield and nutritive value in relation to crop duration are also discussed. Based on available genetic information on inheritance and molecular aspects, breeding strategies are proposed to develop maize ideotypes for silage for the development of sustainable animal husbandry. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10250641/ /pubmed/37303948 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150132 Text en Copyright © 2023 Karnatam, Mythri, Un Nisa, Sharma, Meena, Rana, Vikal, Gowda, Dhillon and Sandhu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Karnatam, Krishna Sai
Mythri, Bikkasani
Un Nisa, Wajhat
Sharma, Heena
Meena, Tarun Kumar
Rana, Prabhat
Vikal, Yogesh
Gowda, M.
Dhillon, Baldev Singh
Sandhu, Surinder
Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title_full Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title_fullStr Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title_full_unstemmed Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title_short Silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
title_sort silage maize as a potent candidate for sustainable animal husbandry development—perspectives and strategies for genetic enhancement
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37303948
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1150132
work_keys_str_mv AT karnatamkrishnasai silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT mythribikkasani silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT unnisawajhat silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT sharmaheena silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT meenatarunkumar silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT ranaprabhat silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT vikalyogesh silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT gowdam silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT dhillonbaldevsingh silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement
AT sandhusurinder silagemaizeasapotentcandidateforsustainableanimalhusbandrydevelopmentperspectivesandstrategiesforgeneticenhancement