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Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS

INTRODUCTION: Balance is achieved through interactions between the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. There are several clinical tests to measure postural stability. However, most of them do not assess postural stability with head movements, which is the main function of the vestibular s...

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Autores principales: Zur, Oz, Ben-Rubi Shimron, Hadas, Deutsch, Lisa, Carmeli, Eli
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37305365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131478
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author Zur, Oz
Ben-Rubi Shimron, Hadas
Deutsch, Lisa
Carmeli, Eli
author_facet Zur, Oz
Ben-Rubi Shimron, Hadas
Deutsch, Lisa
Carmeli, Eli
author_sort Zur, Oz
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Balance is achieved through interactions between the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. There are several clinical tests to measure postural stability. However, most of them do not assess postural stability with head movements, which is the main function of the vestibular system, and those that do, require the use of sizeable, expensive equipment. Therefore, an applicable, easy-to-perform test that challenges the function of the visual, somatosensory and vestibular systems, using head movements, is needed. The Zur Balance Scale (ZBS) contains ten conditions, which are a combination of surfaces (floor or Styrofoam with subject standing on its width in Romberg position or its length in tandem position), stances (Romberg or tandem), tasks (no head movement with eyes open or closed and horizontal or vertical head movements with eyes open). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity, inter- and intra-examiner reliability, and normal performance values of the ZBS among individuals 29–70-years of age and to introduce the modified version: the mZBS, using kinetic measurements. METHODS: Healthy participants ages 29–70 years were evaluated for inter- and intra-tester reliability (n = 65), kinetic measurements on a force plate, and validity compared to the modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance (mCTSIB) (n = 44) and characterization of normal values (n = 251). RESULTS: Zur Balance Scale head movements, duration of each condition (up to 10 s) and the total ZBS score agreed across examiners (ICC > 0.8). Normal ZBS scores were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.34; P < 0.0001). Older subjects (60–70 years) had a median score of 95.5 compared with younger subjects, where medians ranged from 97.6 to 98.9. Kinetic parameters showed positive correlations between ZBS and the mCTSIB scores, with the highest correlation between the five Romberg tasks (modified ZBS). CONCLUSION: Zur Balance Scale is a valid and reliable test. Its advantages include using head movements and the ability to detect minimal differences in postural control, even in healthy populations. Kinetic evaluation of the ZBS enables the use of a modified, shorter version of the ZBS (mZBS).
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spelling pubmed-102507212023-06-10 Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS Zur, Oz Ben-Rubi Shimron, Hadas Deutsch, Lisa Carmeli, Eli Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience INTRODUCTION: Balance is achieved through interactions between the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. There are several clinical tests to measure postural stability. However, most of them do not assess postural stability with head movements, which is the main function of the vestibular system, and those that do, require the use of sizeable, expensive equipment. Therefore, an applicable, easy-to-perform test that challenges the function of the visual, somatosensory and vestibular systems, using head movements, is needed. The Zur Balance Scale (ZBS) contains ten conditions, which are a combination of surfaces (floor or Styrofoam with subject standing on its width in Romberg position or its length in tandem position), stances (Romberg or tandem), tasks (no head movement with eyes open or closed and horizontal or vertical head movements with eyes open). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity, inter- and intra-examiner reliability, and normal performance values of the ZBS among individuals 29–70-years of age and to introduce the modified version: the mZBS, using kinetic measurements. METHODS: Healthy participants ages 29–70 years were evaluated for inter- and intra-tester reliability (n = 65), kinetic measurements on a force plate, and validity compared to the modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance (mCTSIB) (n = 44) and characterization of normal values (n = 251). RESULTS: Zur Balance Scale head movements, duration of each condition (up to 10 s) and the total ZBS score agreed across examiners (ICC > 0.8). Normal ZBS scores were negatively correlated with age (r = −0.34; P < 0.0001). Older subjects (60–70 years) had a median score of 95.5 compared with younger subjects, where medians ranged from 97.6 to 98.9. Kinetic parameters showed positive correlations between ZBS and the mCTSIB scores, with the highest correlation between the five Romberg tasks (modified ZBS). CONCLUSION: Zur Balance Scale is a valid and reliable test. Its advantages include using head movements and the ability to detect minimal differences in postural control, even in healthy populations. Kinetic evaluation of the ZBS enables the use of a modified, shorter version of the ZBS (mZBS). Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10250721/ /pubmed/37305365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131478 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zur, Ben-Rubi Shimron, Deutsch and Carmeli. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Zur, Oz
Ben-Rubi Shimron, Hadas
Deutsch, Lisa
Carmeli, Eli
Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title_full Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title_fullStr Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title_full_unstemmed Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title_short Reliability, validity and normal ranges of the Zur Balance Scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mZBS
title_sort reliability, validity and normal ranges of the zur balance scale for detecting mild postural control differences: introducing the modified, short version mzbs
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10250721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37305365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1131478
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