Allergen‐specific immunotherapy by recombinant Der P1 allergen‐derived peptide‐based vaccine in an allergic mouse model

AIM: Increased IgE levels have made house dust mite allergens one of the most frequent causes of allergies worldwide. Treatment reduces the IgE antibodies and types two cytokines, namely interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13. Although existing treatments significantly reduce IgE or IL‐4/IL‐13, they are very costly. This study aimed to construct a recombinant protein derived from rDer p1 peptides in the form of an immunotherapy approach and to measure the response of IgE and IgG antibodies. METHODS: The proteins were isolated, purified, and evaluated using the SDS‐PAGE and Bradford test and confirmed by using Western blot. To evaluate immunotherapy efficiency, 24 BALB/C mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with house dust mites (HDM) adsorbed to Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and randomly divided into four groups of six: control sensitized, HDM extract, rDer p1, and DpTTDp vaccine. To immunization, four groups of random mice were each treated with phosphate‐buffered saline, 100 μg of rDer p1 protein, DpTTDp, or HDM extract, every 3 days. Direct ELISA determined HDM‐specific IgG and IgE subclasses. Data were analyzed in SPSS and Graph pad prism software. Values of p < .05 were considered significant. RESULTS: After immunization of mice, the rDer P1 and recombinant vaccine like HDM extract increased IgG antibody titer and decreased IgE‐dependent reactivity in allergic mice to rDer P1. Also, the levels of inflammatory IL‐4 and IL‐13 cytokines as allergic stimulants decreased. CONCLUSION: The use of present available recombinant proteins is considered a viable, cost‐effective, and long‐term option for providing effective HDM allergy immunotherapy vaccines without side effects.