Transcriptomics in Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) towards Attenuated and Virulent Grass Carp Reovirus Genotype II Infection

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV Ⅱ) is the leading cause of death in grass carp. To investigate the involved molecular responses against the GCRV Ⅱ infection, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis in the spleen and liver of rare minnow injected with virulent and attenuated strains. Results showed that the virulent strain infection especially induced tissue-specific alteration and caused severe suppression of hemorrhage related pathways in spleen. Our finding provides new insights on the interactions between host and GCRV Ⅱ. ABSTRACT: Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV Ⅱ) causes a variety of fish hemorrhagic disease, which seriously affects the sustainable development of grass carp aquaculture in China. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is an ideal model fish to study the pathogenesis of GCRV Ⅱ. To investigate the involved molecular responses against the GCRV Ⅱ infection, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis in the spleen and liver of rare minnow injected with virulent strain DY197 and attenuated strain QJ205. Results showed that the virulent DY197 strain induced more differently expressed genes (DEGs) than the attenuated QJ205 strain, and tissue-specific responses were induced. In the spleen, the attenuated and virulent strains induced different DEGs; the attenuated QJ205 infection activated steroid synthesis pathway that involved in membrane formation; however, virulent DY197 infection activated innate immunity and apoptosis related pathways while suppressing cell proliferation and migration related pathways that are important for damage tissue repair, as well as hemorrhage related pathways. In the liver, the attenuated and virulent strains infection induced similar DEGs; both strains infection activated immunity and apoptosis related pathways but suppressed metabolism-related pathways; virulent DY197 infection especially activated protein digestion and absorption-related pathways and suppressed steroid synthesis pathway. To conclude, virulent strain infection especially induced tissue-specific alterations and caused severe suppression of hemorrhage-related pathways in spleen. Our findings will contribute to better understanding of the interactions between host and GCRV II.