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Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans

The genus Aspergillus, one of the most abundant airborne fungi, is classified into hundreds of species that affect humans, animals, and plants. Among these, Aspergillus nidulans, as a key model organism, has been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms governing growth and development, phys...

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Autores principales: Son, Ye-Eun, Yu, Jae-Hyuk, Park, Hee-Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37296664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12111544
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author Son, Ye-Eun
Yu, Jae-Hyuk
Park, Hee-Soo
author_facet Son, Ye-Eun
Yu, Jae-Hyuk
Park, Hee-Soo
author_sort Son, Ye-Eun
collection PubMed
description The genus Aspergillus, one of the most abundant airborne fungi, is classified into hundreds of species that affect humans, animals, and plants. Among these, Aspergillus nidulans, as a key model organism, has been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms governing growth and development, physiology, and gene regulation in fungi. A. nidulans primarily reproduces by forming millions of asexual spores known as conidia. The asexual life cycle of A. nidulans can be simply divided into growth and asexual development (conidiation). After a certain period of vegetative growth, some vegetative cells (hyphae) develop into specialized asexual structures called conidiophores. Each A. nidulans conidiophore is composed of a foot cell, stalk, vesicle, metulae, phialides, and 12,000 conidia. This vegetative-to-developmental transition requires the activity of various regulators including FLB proteins, BrlA, and AbaA. Asymmetric repetitive mitotic cell division of phialides results in the formation of immature conidia. Subsequent conidial maturation requires multiple regulators such as WetA, VosA, and VelB. Matured conidia maintain cellular integrity and long-term viability against various stresses and desiccation. Under appropriate conditions, the resting conidia germinate and form new colonies, and this process is governed by a myriad of regulators, such as CreA and SocA. To date, a plethora of regulators for each asexual developmental stage have been identified and investigated. This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulators of conidial formation, maturation, dormancy, and germination in A. nidulans.
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spelling pubmed-102530352023-06-10 Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans Son, Ye-Eun Yu, Jae-Hyuk Park, Hee-Soo Cells Review The genus Aspergillus, one of the most abundant airborne fungi, is classified into hundreds of species that affect humans, animals, and plants. Among these, Aspergillus nidulans, as a key model organism, has been extensively studied to understand the mechanisms governing growth and development, physiology, and gene regulation in fungi. A. nidulans primarily reproduces by forming millions of asexual spores known as conidia. The asexual life cycle of A. nidulans can be simply divided into growth and asexual development (conidiation). After a certain period of vegetative growth, some vegetative cells (hyphae) develop into specialized asexual structures called conidiophores. Each A. nidulans conidiophore is composed of a foot cell, stalk, vesicle, metulae, phialides, and 12,000 conidia. This vegetative-to-developmental transition requires the activity of various regulators including FLB proteins, BrlA, and AbaA. Asymmetric repetitive mitotic cell division of phialides results in the formation of immature conidia. Subsequent conidial maturation requires multiple regulators such as WetA, VosA, and VelB. Matured conidia maintain cellular integrity and long-term viability against various stresses and desiccation. Under appropriate conditions, the resting conidia germinate and form new colonies, and this process is governed by a myriad of regulators, such as CreA and SocA. To date, a plethora of regulators for each asexual developmental stage have been identified and investigated. This review summarizes our current understanding of the regulators of conidial formation, maturation, dormancy, and germination in A. nidulans. MDPI 2023-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10253035/ /pubmed/37296664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12111544 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Son, Ye-Eun
Yu, Jae-Hyuk
Park, Hee-Soo
Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title_full Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title_fullStr Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title_full_unstemmed Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title_short Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
title_sort regulators of the asexual life cycle of aspergillus nidulans
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37296664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12111544
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