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Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review
Inflammation has been described for two millennia, but cellular aspects and the paradigm involving different mediators have been identified in the recent century. Two main groups of molecules, the prostaglandins (PG) and the cytokines, have been discovered and play a major role in inflammatory proce...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253712/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119647 |
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author | Wautier, Jean-Luc Wautier, Marie-Paule |
author_facet | Wautier, Jean-Luc Wautier, Marie-Paule |
author_sort | Wautier, Jean-Luc |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammation has been described for two millennia, but cellular aspects and the paradigm involving different mediators have been identified in the recent century. Two main groups of molecules, the prostaglandins (PG) and the cytokines, have been discovered and play a major role in inflammatory processes. The activation of prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2 and PGI2 results in prominent symptoms during cardiovascular and rheumatoid diseases. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds is nowadays a challenge for more targeted therapeutic approaches. The first cytokine was described more than a century ago and is now a part of different families of cytokines (38 interleukins), including the IL-1 and IL-6 families and TNF and TGFβ families. Cytokines can perform a dual role, being growth promotors or inhibitors and having pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. The complex interactions between cytokines, vascular cells and immune cells are responsible for dramatic conditions and lead to the concept of cytokine storm observed during sepsis, multi-organ failure and, recently, in some cases of COVID-19 infection. Cytokines such as interferon and hematopoietic growth factor have been used as therapy. Alternatively, the inhibition of cytokine functions has been largely developed using anti-interleukin or anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of sepsis or chronic inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10253712 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102537122023-06-10 Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review Wautier, Jean-Luc Wautier, Marie-Paule Int J Mol Sci Review Inflammation has been described for two millennia, but cellular aspects and the paradigm involving different mediators have been identified in the recent century. Two main groups of molecules, the prostaglandins (PG) and the cytokines, have been discovered and play a major role in inflammatory processes. The activation of prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2 and PGI2 results in prominent symptoms during cardiovascular and rheumatoid diseases. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds is nowadays a challenge for more targeted therapeutic approaches. The first cytokine was described more than a century ago and is now a part of different families of cytokines (38 interleukins), including the IL-1 and IL-6 families and TNF and TGFβ families. Cytokines can perform a dual role, being growth promotors or inhibitors and having pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. The complex interactions between cytokines, vascular cells and immune cells are responsible for dramatic conditions and lead to the concept of cytokine storm observed during sepsis, multi-organ failure and, recently, in some cases of COVID-19 infection. Cytokines such as interferon and hematopoietic growth factor have been used as therapy. Alternatively, the inhibition of cytokine functions has been largely developed using anti-interleukin or anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of sepsis or chronic inflammation. MDPI 2023-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10253712/ /pubmed/37298597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119647 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wautier, Jean-Luc Wautier, Marie-Paule Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title | Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title_full | Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title_fullStr | Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title_short | Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Prostaglandins and Cytokines in Humans: A Mini Review |
title_sort | pro- and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and cytokines in humans: a mini review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253712/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119647 |
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