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The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae secretes many effectors that manipulate host immunity, among which small cysteine-rich proteins (SCPs) play an im...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298354 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119403 |
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author | Wang, Jie Wang, Dan Ji, Xiaobin Wang, Jun Klosterman, Steven J. Dai, Xiaofeng Chen, Jieyin Subbarao, Krishna V. Hao, Xiaojuan Zhang, Dandan |
author_facet | Wang, Jie Wang, Dan Ji, Xiaobin Wang, Jun Klosterman, Steven J. Dai, Xiaofeng Chen, Jieyin Subbarao, Krishna V. Hao, Xiaojuan Zhang, Dandan |
author_sort | Wang, Jie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae secretes many effectors that manipulate host immunity, among which small cysteine-rich proteins (SCPs) play an important role. However, the exact roles of many SCPs from V. dahliae are unknown and varied. In this study, we show that the small cysteine-rich protein VdSCP23 inhibits cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genes. VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus, but its inhibition of immune responses was independent of its nuclear localization. Site-directed mutagenesis and peptide truncation showed that the inhibition function of VdSCP23 was independent of cysteine residues but was dependent on the N-glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structure. Deletion of VdSCP23 did not affect the growth and development of mycelia or conidial production in V. dahliae. Unexpectedly, VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. This study demonstrates an important role for VdSCP23 in the inhibition of plant immune responses; however, it is not required for normal growth or virulence in V. dahliae. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10253731 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102537312023-06-10 The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity Wang, Jie Wang, Dan Ji, Xiaobin Wang, Jun Klosterman, Steven J. Dai, Xiaofeng Chen, Jieyin Subbarao, Krishna V. Hao, Xiaojuan Zhang, Dandan Int J Mol Sci Article Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soil-borne fungal disease and seriously threatens the yield of economic crops worldwide. During host infection, V. dahliae secretes many effectors that manipulate host immunity, among which small cysteine-rich proteins (SCPs) play an important role. However, the exact roles of many SCPs from V. dahliae are unknown and varied. In this study, we show that the small cysteine-rich protein VdSCP23 inhibits cell necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, electrolyte leakage and the expression of defense-related genes. VdSCP23 is mainly localized in the plant cell plasma membrane and nucleus, but its inhibition of immune responses was independent of its nuclear localization. Site-directed mutagenesis and peptide truncation showed that the inhibition function of VdSCP23 was independent of cysteine residues but was dependent on the N-glycosylation sites and the integrity of VdSCP23 protein structure. Deletion of VdSCP23 did not affect the growth and development of mycelia or conidial production in V. dahliae. Unexpectedly, VdSCP23 deletion strains still maintained their virulence for N. benthamiana, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. This study demonstrates an important role for VdSCP23 in the inhibition of plant immune responses; however, it is not required for normal growth or virulence in V. dahliae. MDPI 2023-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10253731/ /pubmed/37298354 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119403 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Jie Wang, Dan Ji, Xiaobin Wang, Jun Klosterman, Steven J. Dai, Xiaofeng Chen, Jieyin Subbarao, Krishna V. Hao, Xiaojuan Zhang, Dandan The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title | The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title_full | The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title_fullStr | The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title_short | The Verticillium dahliae Small Cysteine-Rich Protein VdSCP23 Manipulates Host Immunity |
title_sort | verticillium dahliae small cysteine-rich protein vdscp23 manipulates host immunity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10253731/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298354 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119403 |
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