Cargando…
Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors
Oxidative degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluenes in aqueous solution was executed using persulfate combined with semiconductors motivated by ultrasound (probe type, 20 kHz). Batch-mode experiments were performed to elucidate the effects of diverse operation variables on the sono-catalytic performance, i...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10254761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298827 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114351 |
_version_ | 1785056718958362624 |
---|---|
author | Chen, Wen-Shing Hsu, Min-Chih |
author_facet | Chen, Wen-Shing Hsu, Min-Chih |
author_sort | Chen, Wen-Shing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Oxidative degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluenes in aqueous solution was executed using persulfate combined with semiconductors motivated by ultrasound (probe type, 20 kHz). Batch-mode experiments were performed to elucidate the effects of diverse operation variables on the sono-catalytic performance, including the ultrasonic power intensity, dosage of persulfate anions, and semiconductors. Owing to pronounced scavenging behaviors caused by benzene, ethanol, and methanol, the chief oxidants were presumed to be sulfate radicals which originated from persulfate anions, motivated via either the ultrasound or sono-catalysis of semiconductors. With regard to semiconductors, the increment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene removal efficiency was inversely proportional to the band gap energy of semiconductors. Based on the outcomes indicated in a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer, it was sensibly postulated that the preliminary step for 2,4-dinitrotoluene removal was denitrated into o-mononitrotoluene or p-mononitrotoluene, followed by decarboxylation to nitrobenzene. Subsequently, nitrobenzene was decomposed to hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals and converted into 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol individually. Nitrophenol compounds with the cleavage of nitro groups synthesized phenol, which was sequentially transformed into hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10254761 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102547612023-06-10 Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors Chen, Wen-Shing Hsu, Min-Chih Molecules Article Oxidative degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluenes in aqueous solution was executed using persulfate combined with semiconductors motivated by ultrasound (probe type, 20 kHz). Batch-mode experiments were performed to elucidate the effects of diverse operation variables on the sono-catalytic performance, including the ultrasonic power intensity, dosage of persulfate anions, and semiconductors. Owing to pronounced scavenging behaviors caused by benzene, ethanol, and methanol, the chief oxidants were presumed to be sulfate radicals which originated from persulfate anions, motivated via either the ultrasound or sono-catalysis of semiconductors. With regard to semiconductors, the increment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene removal efficiency was inversely proportional to the band gap energy of semiconductors. Based on the outcomes indicated in a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer, it was sensibly postulated that the preliminary step for 2,4-dinitrotoluene removal was denitrated into o-mononitrotoluene or p-mononitrotoluene, followed by decarboxylation to nitrobenzene. Subsequently, nitrobenzene was decomposed to hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals and converted into 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol individually. Nitrophenol compounds with the cleavage of nitro groups synthesized phenol, which was sequentially transformed into hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone. MDPI 2023-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10254761/ /pubmed/37298827 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114351 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chen, Wen-Shing Hsu, Min-Chih Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title | Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title_full | Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title_fullStr | Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title_short | Ultrasound-Assisted Mineralization of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in Industrial Wastewater Using Persulfate Coupled with Semiconductors |
title_sort | ultrasound-assisted mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in industrial wastewater using persulfate coupled with semiconductors |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10254761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37298827 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114351 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chenwenshing ultrasoundassistedmineralizationof24dinitrotolueneinindustrialwastewaterusingpersulfatecoupledwithsemiconductors AT hsuminchih ultrasoundassistedmineralizationof24dinitrotolueneinindustrialwastewaterusingpersulfatecoupledwithsemiconductors |