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Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review

The objectives of this narrative review are as follows: an evaluation of the bromatological composition of hazelnuts and a comparison of the nutritional properties of raw versus roasted hazelnuts, taking into account potential differences among varieties from different production territories such as...

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Autores principales: Rondanelli, Mariangela, Nichetti, Mara, Martin, Valentina, Barrile, Gaetan Claude, Riva, Antonella, Petrangolini, Giovanna, Gasparri, Clara, Perna, Simone, Giacosa, Attilio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10255299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37299385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112421
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author Rondanelli, Mariangela
Nichetti, Mara
Martin, Valentina
Barrile, Gaetan Claude
Riva, Antonella
Petrangolini, Giovanna
Gasparri, Clara
Perna, Simone
Giacosa, Attilio
author_facet Rondanelli, Mariangela
Nichetti, Mara
Martin, Valentina
Barrile, Gaetan Claude
Riva, Antonella
Petrangolini, Giovanna
Gasparri, Clara
Perna, Simone
Giacosa, Attilio
author_sort Rondanelli, Mariangela
collection PubMed
description The objectives of this narrative review are as follows: an evaluation of the bromatological composition of hazelnuts and a comparison of the nutritional properties of raw versus roasted hazelnuts, taking into account potential differences among varieties from different production territories such as Turkey, Italy, Chile, and New Zealand; an evaluation of nutrients contained in hazelnut skin; and an evaluation of nutrients contained in hazelnut oil. This review incorporates 27 scientific articles that measured and reported the concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrients in hazelnuts. These hazelnuts were subjected to different processing methods, originated from various geographical areas, or belonged to different varieties. Our results showed that the different varieties and territories where the hazelnuts were cultivated influence their bromatological composition, and we found that different processing steps can largely influence the concentration of specific nutrients. The removal of the skin, which contains a very high concentration of compounds with antioxidant action, is particularly critical. We should give greater attention to the skin, considering it not as a waste product, but as an important part of the hazelnut due to its nutritional properties of primary relevance in the Mediterranean diet. We provide a detailed assessment of the nutritional properties of the hazelnut kernel, skin, and oil, evaluating nutrient compositions and possible modifications (increases or reductions) that occur during the roasting process or that depend on the production territory and origin.
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spelling pubmed-102552992023-06-10 Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review Rondanelli, Mariangela Nichetti, Mara Martin, Valentina Barrile, Gaetan Claude Riva, Antonella Petrangolini, Giovanna Gasparri, Clara Perna, Simone Giacosa, Attilio Nutrients Review The objectives of this narrative review are as follows: an evaluation of the bromatological composition of hazelnuts and a comparison of the nutritional properties of raw versus roasted hazelnuts, taking into account potential differences among varieties from different production territories such as Turkey, Italy, Chile, and New Zealand; an evaluation of nutrients contained in hazelnut skin; and an evaluation of nutrients contained in hazelnut oil. This review incorporates 27 scientific articles that measured and reported the concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrients in hazelnuts. These hazelnuts were subjected to different processing methods, originated from various geographical areas, or belonged to different varieties. Our results showed that the different varieties and territories where the hazelnuts were cultivated influence their bromatological composition, and we found that different processing steps can largely influence the concentration of specific nutrients. The removal of the skin, which contains a very high concentration of compounds with antioxidant action, is particularly critical. We should give greater attention to the skin, considering it not as a waste product, but as an important part of the hazelnut due to its nutritional properties of primary relevance in the Mediterranean diet. We provide a detailed assessment of the nutritional properties of the hazelnut kernel, skin, and oil, evaluating nutrient compositions and possible modifications (increases or reductions) that occur during the roasting process or that depend on the production territory and origin. MDPI 2023-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10255299/ /pubmed/37299385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112421 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rondanelli, Mariangela
Nichetti, Mara
Martin, Valentina
Barrile, Gaetan Claude
Riva, Antonella
Petrangolini, Giovanna
Gasparri, Clara
Perna, Simone
Giacosa, Attilio
Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title_full Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title_short Phytoextracts for Human Health from Raw and Roasted Hazelnuts and from Hazelnut Skin and Oil: A Narrative Review
title_sort phytoextracts for human health from raw and roasted hazelnuts and from hazelnut skin and oil: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10255299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37299385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112421
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