CD81 and Its Relationship to Treatment Response in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia at a Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has the proliferation of poorly differentiated immature myeloid cells. New studies on immune markers also consider them as one of the factors that affect the prognosis or the patient's ability to respond to drugs. Our study was designed to determine the rate of remission and mortality, and the ability to respond to drugs in newly diagnosed AML patients with positive CD81. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) underwent immunophenotyping analysis using flow cytometry. Following the initial diagnosis, the patients received induction therapy, followed by three cycles of consolidation therapy. The patients were then followed up for a period of six months. The treatment efficacy was assessed at two timepoints: on day 28 after the first chemotherapy course and on day 28 after the fourth chemotherapy course. Results: Out of the 50 newly diagnosed AML patients, 40 (80%) were found to be CD81 positive. This CD81-positive group had a high mortality rate after the first course of chemotherapy (17.5%) and after the fourth course of chemotherapy (52.5%), while no patients died in the CD81-negative group. The CD81-positive group had a worse drug response rate with 22.5% and 18.2% in CD81 positive group versus 30% and 40% in the CD81-negative group achieving complete remission after the first course and fourth course, respectively. Conclusions: The CD81 immunological marker was found to be highly prevalent among AML patients in Vietnam. Overexpression of CD81 in patients with AML is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, characterized by higher mortality rates and poorer treatment response.