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A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)...

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Autores principales: Raposo, Bruno L, Souza, Sueden O, Santana, Gleyciane S, Lima, Max T A, Sarmento-Neto, José F, Reboucas, Júlio S, Pereira, Goreti, Santos, Beate S, Cabral Filho, Paulo E, Ribeiro, Martha S, Fontes, Adriana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37312931
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S404422
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author Raposo, Bruno L
Souza, Sueden O
Santana, Gleyciane S
Lima, Max T A
Sarmento-Neto, José F
Reboucas, Júlio S
Pereira, Goreti
Santos, Beate S
Cabral Filho, Paulo E
Ribeiro, Martha S
Fontes, Adriana
author_facet Raposo, Bruno L
Souza, Sueden O
Santana, Gleyciane S
Lima, Max T A
Sarmento-Neto, José F
Reboucas, Júlio S
Pereira, Goreti
Santos, Beate S
Cabral Filho, Paulo E
Ribeiro, Martha S
Fontes, Adriana
author_sort Raposo, Bruno L
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. Here, we propose the novel association of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs with the cationic ZnPs Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin or Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin to photoinactivate C. albicans. METHODS: AgNPs stabilized with PVP were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between the NP extinction and absorption spectra of ZnPs and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs interaction; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with individual ZnPs or their respective AgNPs-ZnPs systems, at various ZnP concentrations and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log(10) reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same PDI parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. Increased ROS levels and enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs were observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. CONCLUSION: We applied a facile synthesis of AgNPs which boosted ZnP efficiency. We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interaction between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved fungal inactivation. This study provides insight into the application of AgNPs in PDI and helps diversify our antifungal arsenal, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp.
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spelling pubmed-102580422023-06-13 A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans Raposo, Bruno L Souza, Sueden O Santana, Gleyciane S Lima, Max T A Sarmento-Neto, José F Reboucas, Júlio S Pereira, Goreti Santos, Beate S Cabral Filho, Paulo E Ribeiro, Martha S Fontes, Adriana Int J Nanomedicine Original Research BACKGROUND: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. Here, we propose the novel association of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs with the cationic ZnPs Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin or Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin to photoinactivate C. albicans. METHODS: AgNPs stabilized with PVP were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between the NP extinction and absorption spectra of ZnPs and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs interaction; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with individual ZnPs or their respective AgNPs-ZnPs systems, at various ZnP concentrations and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log(10) reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same PDI parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. Increased ROS levels and enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs were observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. CONCLUSION: We applied a facile synthesis of AgNPs which boosted ZnP efficiency. We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interaction between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved fungal inactivation. This study provides insight into the application of AgNPs in PDI and helps diversify our antifungal arsenal, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp. Dove 2023-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10258042/ /pubmed/37312931 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S404422 Text en © 2023 Raposo et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Raposo, Bruno L
Souza, Sueden O
Santana, Gleyciane S
Lima, Max T A
Sarmento-Neto, José F
Reboucas, Júlio S
Pereira, Goreti
Santos, Beate S
Cabral Filho, Paulo E
Ribeiro, Martha S
Fontes, Adriana
A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title_full A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title_fullStr A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title_full_unstemmed A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title_short A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans
title_sort novel strategy based on zn(ii) porphyrins and silver nanoparticles to photoinactivate candida albicans
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37312931
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S404422
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