Non responsible vascular area hyperperfusion syndrome after mechanical thrombectomy for vertebral artery occlusion: A case report

INTRODUCTION: There are currently no published reports of hyperperfusion syndrome in the non responsible vascular area after mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction with large vessel occlusion. Here, we report a case of hyperperfusion syndrome in the blood supply area of the right middle cerebral artery after mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral infarction after vertebral artery occlusion. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 21-year-old woman developed left vertebral artery occlusion, for which she received mechanical thrombectomy and successful recanalization of her occluded cerebral vessel. Subsequently, the patient became extremely agitated, with high blood pressure and headache. DIAGNOSIS: Two hours after the operation, bedside transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination found that the cerebral blood flow velocity of the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery was more than twice that of the left middle cerebral artery. Combined with the symptoms, signs and examination results of the patient, hyperperfusion syndrome in the blood supply area of the right middle cerebral artery was considered. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was administered sedation, and her pressure and ventricular rate were strictly controlled. She was no longer agitated, and her headache was significantly relieved at 36 hours after the operation. OUTCOMES: On the 5th day after the operation, the blood flow velocity of her right middle cerebral artery decreased to normal level, and the patient recovered well. CONCLUSION: In this case, after mechanical thrombectomy, such patients with acute posterior circulation cerebral infarction can experience hyperperfusion syndrome in the non responsible vascular area of the anterior circulation. Bedside transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow examination can identify the hyperperfusion state of cerebral vessels in a timely manner and effectively guide treatment.