Prognostic value of pretreatment FDG PET/CT in uterine cervical cancer according to two major histologic types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment Positron emission tomography / computed tomography using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) in cervical cancer according to two major histologic types. METHODS: Eighty-three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and 35 adenocarcinoma (AC) patients who underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)), mean standardized uptake value (SUV(mean)), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were calculated. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare correlations between each PET parameter and overall survival (OS). The prognostic values of imaging and clinical parameters were assessed using uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: SUV(max), SUV(mean), and TLG were significantly higher in SCC than in AC (p<0.01 each). No significant difference in MTV was seen between the two groups (p=0.10). As for Kaplan-Meier analyses, in SCC, patients with SUV(max), SUV(mean), MTV, and TLG exceeding cutoff values tended to show worse OS than patients with lower values (p=0.07, p=0.27, p<0.01, and p=0.01, respectively, for OS). On the other hand, in AC, patients with MTV and TLG exceeding cutoff values showed significantly worse PFS and OS (p<0.01 each for OS), while SUV(max) and SUV(mean) were unrelated to OS (p=0.91 and p=0.83, respectively for OS). As for multivariable analyses, in SCC, TLG was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.01). In AC, MTV was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data suggest that FDG-PET/CT would be useful for predicting prognosis in cervical cancer, although the clinical significance of quantitative values may differ according to histopathological type.