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High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high‐pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37324899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3324 |
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author | Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill Nwozo, Onyenibe Sarah Aja, Patrick Maduabuchi Odongo, Grace Akinyi |
author_facet | Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill Nwozo, Onyenibe Sarah Aja, Patrick Maduabuchi Odongo, Grace Akinyi |
author_sort | Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high‐pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the study. The samples were separated into raw and processed categories. Processed samples were treated using HPAS at different citric acid concentrations (CCC) adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method for mycotoxins analysis was used to determine the levels of mycotoxins in the grains, with specific focus on total aflatoxins (AT), aflatoxins B(1) (AFB(1)), aflatoxin G(1) (AFG(1)), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin. The mean values of the AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin in the raw samples were 10.06 ± 0.02, 8.21 ± 0.01, 6.79 ± 0.00, 8.11 ± 0.02, and 7.39 ± 0.01 μg/kg for maize, respectively (p ≤ .05); and for groundnut (peanut), they were 8.11 ± 0.01, 4.88 ± 0.01, 7.04 ± 0.02, 6.75 ± 0.01, and 4.71 ± 0.00 μg/kg, respectively. At CCC adjusted to pH 5.0, the AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin in the samples significantly reduced by 30%–51% and 17%–38% for maize and groundnut, respectively, and were reduced to 28%–100% when CCC was adjusted to pH 4.5 and 4.0 (p ≤ .05). The HPAS process either completely detoxified the mycotoxins or at least reduced them to levels below the maximum limits of 4.00–6.00, 2.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 100 μg/kg for AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin, respectively, set by the European Union, WHO/FAO, and USDA. The study clearly demonstrates that mycotoxins can be completely detoxified using HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.0 or below. This can be widely applied or integrated into many agricultural and production processes in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and nutraceutical industries where pressurized steaming can be applied for the successful detoxification of mycotoxins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10261742 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102617422023-06-15 High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill Nwozo, Onyenibe Sarah Aja, Patrick Maduabuchi Odongo, Grace Akinyi Food Sci Nutr Original Articles Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high‐pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the study. The samples were separated into raw and processed categories. Processed samples were treated using HPAS at different citric acid concentrations (CCC) adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method for mycotoxins analysis was used to determine the levels of mycotoxins in the grains, with specific focus on total aflatoxins (AT), aflatoxins B(1) (AFB(1)), aflatoxin G(1) (AFG(1)), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin. The mean values of the AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin in the raw samples were 10.06 ± 0.02, 8.21 ± 0.01, 6.79 ± 0.00, 8.11 ± 0.02, and 7.39 ± 0.01 μg/kg for maize, respectively (p ≤ .05); and for groundnut (peanut), they were 8.11 ± 0.01, 4.88 ± 0.01, 7.04 ± 0.02, 6.75 ± 0.01, and 4.71 ± 0.00 μg/kg, respectively. At CCC adjusted to pH 5.0, the AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin in the samples significantly reduced by 30%–51% and 17%–38% for maize and groundnut, respectively, and were reduced to 28%–100% when CCC was adjusted to pH 4.5 and 4.0 (p ≤ .05). The HPAS process either completely detoxified the mycotoxins or at least reduced them to levels below the maximum limits of 4.00–6.00, 2.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 100 μg/kg for AT, AFB(1), AFG(1), OTA, and citrinin, respectively, set by the European Union, WHO/FAO, and USDA. The study clearly demonstrates that mycotoxins can be completely detoxified using HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.0 or below. This can be widely applied or integrated into many agricultural and production processes in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and nutraceutical industries where pressurized steaming can be applied for the successful detoxification of mycotoxins. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10261742/ /pubmed/37324899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3324 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill Nwozo, Onyenibe Sarah Aja, Patrick Maduabuchi Odongo, Grace Akinyi High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title | High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title_full | High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title_fullStr | High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title_full_unstemmed | High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title_short | High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
title_sort | high‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10261742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37324899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3324 |
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