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Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam
Good fixation of filigree specimens for micro-CT examinations is often a challenge. Movement artefacts, over-radiation or even crushing of the specimen can easily occur. Since different specimens have different requirements, we scanned, analysed and compared 19 possible fixation materials under the...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37315002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286039 |
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author | Scherberich, Jan Windfelder, Anton G. Krombach, Gabriele A. |
author_facet | Scherberich, Jan Windfelder, Anton G. Krombach, Gabriele A. |
author_sort | Scherberich, Jan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Good fixation of filigree specimens for micro-CT examinations is often a challenge. Movement artefacts, over-radiation or even crushing of the specimen can easily occur. Since different specimens have different requirements, we scanned, analysed and compared 19 possible fixation materials under the same conditions in the micro-CT. We focused on radiodensity, porosity and reversibility of these fixation materials. Furthermore, we have made sure that all materials are cheap and easily available. The scans were performed with a SkyScan 1173 micro-CT. All dry fixation materials tested were punched into 5 mm diameter cylinders and clamped into 0.2 ml reaction vessels. A voxel size of 5.33 μm was achieved in a 180° scan in 0.3° steps. Ideally, fixation materials should not be visible in the reconstructed image, i.e., barely binarised. Besides common micro-CT fixation materials such as styrofoam (-935 Hounsfield Units) or Basotect foam (-943 Hounsfield Units), polyethylene air cushions (-944 Hounsfield Units), Micropor foam (-926 Hounsfield Units) and polyurethane foam, (-960 Hounsfield Units to -470 Hounsfield Units) have proved to be attractive alternatives. Furthermore, more radiopaque materials such as paraffin wax granulate (-640 Hounsfield Units) and epoxy resin (-190 Hounsfield Units) are also suitable as fixation materials. These materials often can be removed in the reconstructed image by segmentation. Sample fixations in the studies of recent years are almost all limited to fixation in Parafilm, Styrofoam, or Basotect foam if the fixation type is mentioned at all. However, these are not always useful, as styrofoam, for example, dissolves in some common media such as methylsalicylate. We show that micro-CT laboratories should be equipped with various fixation materials to achieve high-level image quality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10266650 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102666502023-06-15 Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam Scherberich, Jan Windfelder, Anton G. Krombach, Gabriele A. PLoS One Research Article Good fixation of filigree specimens for micro-CT examinations is often a challenge. Movement artefacts, over-radiation or even crushing of the specimen can easily occur. Since different specimens have different requirements, we scanned, analysed and compared 19 possible fixation materials under the same conditions in the micro-CT. We focused on radiodensity, porosity and reversibility of these fixation materials. Furthermore, we have made sure that all materials are cheap and easily available. The scans were performed with a SkyScan 1173 micro-CT. All dry fixation materials tested were punched into 5 mm diameter cylinders and clamped into 0.2 ml reaction vessels. A voxel size of 5.33 μm was achieved in a 180° scan in 0.3° steps. Ideally, fixation materials should not be visible in the reconstructed image, i.e., barely binarised. Besides common micro-CT fixation materials such as styrofoam (-935 Hounsfield Units) or Basotect foam (-943 Hounsfield Units), polyethylene air cushions (-944 Hounsfield Units), Micropor foam (-926 Hounsfield Units) and polyurethane foam, (-960 Hounsfield Units to -470 Hounsfield Units) have proved to be attractive alternatives. Furthermore, more radiopaque materials such as paraffin wax granulate (-640 Hounsfield Units) and epoxy resin (-190 Hounsfield Units) are also suitable as fixation materials. These materials often can be removed in the reconstructed image by segmentation. Sample fixations in the studies of recent years are almost all limited to fixation in Parafilm, Styrofoam, or Basotect foam if the fixation type is mentioned at all. However, these are not always useful, as styrofoam, for example, dissolves in some common media such as methylsalicylate. We show that micro-CT laboratories should be equipped with various fixation materials to achieve high-level image quality. Public Library of Science 2023-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10266650/ /pubmed/37315002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286039 Text en © 2023 Scherberich et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Scherberich, Jan Windfelder, Anton G. Krombach, Gabriele A. Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title | Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title_full | Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title_fullStr | Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title_short | Analysis of fixation materials in micro-CT: It doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
title_sort | analysis of fixation materials in micro-ct: it doesn’t always have to be styrofoam |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37315002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286039 |
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