Ultrasound-Guided Diagnosis of Multiple Uterine Fibroids in a Patient With Polycystic Ovaries and Treatment With Relugolix, Estradiol, and Norethisterone Acetate

Uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts are common gynecological conditions that, while benign, when present simultaneously with bacterial vaginosis, can present a more complicated course of management. Symptoms of uterine fibroids include menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea, while ovarian cysts may present with pelvic pain and an adnexal mass. Each condition is typically managed separately; however, they can coexist in some patients, leading to a more complex presentation. This case report presents a 35-year-old African American female patient with the simultaneous occurrence of uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, complicated by recurrent vaginitis, along with the treatment approach. The treatment choice, relugolix, estradiol, and norethisterone (norethindrone) acetate, is the first once-daily U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) combination hormonal medication approved for menorrhagia due to fibroids. This case is unique in that although the diagnoses are common, their coexistence makes for a more complex presentation, and the course of management presents a newly approved fixed-dose combination hormonal medication. This report discusses the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts. Factors that may contribute to the concurrence of these conditions, such as genetic, hormonal, and environmental risks, are also explored. Diagnostic modalities and ultrasound techniques are reviewed, and treatment options, such as surgery and medical management, are discussed. The importance of a patient-centered approach in the treatment of multi-symptom gynecological disorders and the need to consider conservative management are emphasized.