Performance, Efficiency, and Flexibility Analysis of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell-Based Micro-Combined Heat-and-Power System with Intensification of the Steam Methane Reforming Step by Using a Millistructured Reactor

[Image: see text] The complete simulation model of an existing 1 kW high-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell-based residential micro-combined heat-and-power process, including a compact intensified heat-exchanger-reactor, is developed in the simulation software ProSimPlus v3.6.16. Detailed simulation models of the heat-exchanger-reactor, a mathematical model of the HT-PEM fuel cell, and other components are presented. The results obtained by the simulation model and by the experimental micro-cogenerator are compared and discussed. To fully understand the behavior of the integrated system and assess its flexibility, a parametric study is performed considering fuel partialization and important operating parameters. The values of the air-to-fuel ratio = [30, 7.5] and steam-to-carbon ratio = 3.5 (corresponding to net electrical and thermal efficiencies of 21.5 and 71.4%) are chosen for the analysis of inlet/outlet component temperatures. Finally, the exchange network analysis of the full process proves that the process efficiencies can still be increased by further improving the process internal heat integration.