Ru–Ni nanoparticles electrodeposited on rGO/Ni foam as a binder-free, stable and high-performance anode catalyst for direct hydrazine fuel cell

Bimetallic Ru–Ni nanoparticles was synthesized on the reduced graphene oxide decorated Ni foam (Ru–Ni/rGO/NF) by electroplating method to be utilized as the anode electrocatalyst for direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DHzHPFCs). The synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of catalysts towards hydrazine oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the case of Ru(1)–Ni(3)/rGO/NF electrocatalyst, Ru(1)–Ni(3) provided active sites due to low activation energy (22.24 kJ mol(−1)) for hydrazine oxidation reaction and reduced graphene oxide facilitated charge transfer by increasing electroactive surface area (EASA = 677.5 cm(2)) with the small charge transfer resistance (0.1 Ω cm(2)). The CV curves showed that hydrazine oxidation on the synthesized electrocatalysts was a first-order reaction in low concentrations of N(2)H(4) and the number of exchanged electrons was 3.0. In the single cell of the of direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell, the maximum power density value of Ru(1)–Ni(3)/rGO/NF electrocatalyst was 206 mW cm(−2) and the open circuit voltage was 1.73 V at 55 °C. These results proved that the Ru(1)–Ni(3)/rGO/NF is a promising candidate for using as the free-binder anode electrocatalyst in the future application of direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells due to its excellent structural stability, ease of synthesis, low cost, and high catalytic performance.