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Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37332893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870 |
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author | Xu, Dexin Li, Cong Yang, Liu Zhu, Wenchao Huang, Bangdou Zhang, Cheng Shao, Tao |
author_facet | Xu, Dexin Li, Cong Yang, Liu Zhu, Wenchao Huang, Bangdou Zhang, Cheng Shao, Tao |
author_sort | Xu, Dexin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and ethanethiol. Characteristic OES from both atom lines (C I and Cl I) and radical bands (CS, CH, and C(2)) is identified, confirming MW-APP-OES can preserve more information about target agents without full atomization. Gas flow rate and MW power are optimized to achieve the best analytical results. Good linearity is obtained from the calibration curve for the CS band (linear coefficients R (2) > 0.995) over a wide range of concentrations, and a limit of detection down to sub-ppm is achieved with response time on the order of second. With SM simulants as examples, the analytical results in this work indicate that MW-APP-OES is a promising method for real-time and in-site detection of chemical warfare agents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10272426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102724262023-06-17 Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method Xu, Dexin Li, Cong Yang, Liu Zhu, Wenchao Huang, Bangdou Zhang, Cheng Shao, Tao Front Chem Chemistry Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and ethanethiol. Characteristic OES from both atom lines (C I and Cl I) and radical bands (CS, CH, and C(2)) is identified, confirming MW-APP-OES can preserve more information about target agents without full atomization. Gas flow rate and MW power are optimized to achieve the best analytical results. Good linearity is obtained from the calibration curve for the CS band (linear coefficients R (2) > 0.995) over a wide range of concentrations, and a limit of detection down to sub-ppm is achieved with response time on the order of second. With SM simulants as examples, the analytical results in this work indicate that MW-APP-OES is a promising method for real-time and in-site detection of chemical warfare agents. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10272426/ /pubmed/37332893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xu, Li, Yang, Zhu, Huang, Zhang and Shao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Xu, Dexin Li, Cong Yang, Liu Zhu, Wenchao Huang, Bangdou Zhang, Cheng Shao, Tao Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title | Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title_full | Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title_fullStr | Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title_short | Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
title_sort | detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37332893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870 |
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