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Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method

Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical e...

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Autores principales: Xu, Dexin, Li, Cong, Yang, Liu, Zhu, Wenchao, Huang, Bangdou, Zhang, Cheng, Shao, Tao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37332893
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870
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author Xu, Dexin
Li, Cong
Yang, Liu
Zhu, Wenchao
Huang, Bangdou
Zhang, Cheng
Shao, Tao
author_facet Xu, Dexin
Li, Cong
Yang, Liu
Zhu, Wenchao
Huang, Bangdou
Zhang, Cheng
Shao, Tao
author_sort Xu, Dexin
collection PubMed
description Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and ethanethiol. Characteristic OES from both atom lines (C I and Cl I) and radical bands (CS, CH, and C(2)) is identified, confirming MW-APP-OES can preserve more information about target agents without full atomization. Gas flow rate and MW power are optimized to achieve the best analytical results. Good linearity is obtained from the calibration curve for the CS band (linear coefficients R (2) > 0.995) over a wide range of concentrations, and a limit of detection down to sub-ppm is achieved with response time on the order of second. With SM simulants as examples, the analytical results in this work indicate that MW-APP-OES is a promising method for real-time and in-site detection of chemical warfare agents.
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spelling pubmed-102724262023-06-17 Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method Xu, Dexin Li, Cong Yang, Liu Zhu, Wenchao Huang, Bangdou Zhang, Cheng Shao, Tao Front Chem Chemistry Sulfur mustard (SM) is one kind of highly toxic chemical warfare agent and easy to spread, while existing detection methods cannot fulfill the requirement of rapid response, good portability, and cost competitiveness at the same time. In this work, the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy (MW-APP-OES) method, taking the advantage of non-thermal equilibrium, high reactivity, and high purity of MW plasma, is developed to detect three kinds of SM simulants, i.e., 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, and ethanethiol. Characteristic OES from both atom lines (C I and Cl I) and radical bands (CS, CH, and C(2)) is identified, confirming MW-APP-OES can preserve more information about target agents without full atomization. Gas flow rate and MW power are optimized to achieve the best analytical results. Good linearity is obtained from the calibration curve for the CS band (linear coefficients R (2) > 0.995) over a wide range of concentrations, and a limit of detection down to sub-ppm is achieved with response time on the order of second. With SM simulants as examples, the analytical results in this work indicate that MW-APP-OES is a promising method for real-time and in-site detection of chemical warfare agents. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10272426/ /pubmed/37332893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xu, Li, Yang, Zhu, Huang, Zhang and Shao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Xu, Dexin
Li, Cong
Yang, Liu
Zhu, Wenchao
Huang, Bangdou
Zhang, Cheng
Shao, Tao
Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title_full Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title_fullStr Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title_full_unstemmed Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title_short Detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
title_sort detection of sulfur mustard simulants using the microwave atmospheric pressure plasma optical emission spectroscopy method
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37332893
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1173870
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