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Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety

Introduction: Originally developed for astronauts, lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) are increasingly being used in sports and clinical settings because they allow for unweighted running. However, the neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running remain understudied. They would be l...

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Autores principales: Fazzari, Camille, Macchi, Robin, Ressam, Camélia, Kunimasa, Yoko, Nicol, Caroline, Martha, Cécile, Bolmont, Benoît, Sainton, Patrick, Hays, Arnaud, Vercruyssen, Fabrice, Lapole, Thomas, Bossard, Martin, Casanova, Rémy, Bringoux, Lionel, Chavet, Pascale
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37334048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1212198
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author Fazzari, Camille
Macchi, Robin
Ressam, Camélia
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
Martha, Cécile
Bolmont, Benoît
Sainton, Patrick
Hays, Arnaud
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Lapole, Thomas
Bossard, Martin
Casanova, Rémy
Bringoux, Lionel
Chavet, Pascale
author_facet Fazzari, Camille
Macchi, Robin
Ressam, Camélia
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
Martha, Cécile
Bolmont, Benoît
Sainton, Patrick
Hays, Arnaud
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Lapole, Thomas
Bossard, Martin
Casanova, Rémy
Bringoux, Lionel
Chavet, Pascale
author_sort Fazzari, Camille
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Originally developed for astronauts, lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) are increasingly being used in sports and clinical settings because they allow for unweighted running. However, the neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running remain understudied. They would be limited for certain lower limb muscles and interindividually variable. This study investigated whether this might be related to familiarization and/or trait anxiety. Methods: Forty healthy male runners were divided into two equal groups with contrasting levels of trait anxiety (high, ANX(+), n = 20 vs. low, ANX(−), n = 20). They completed two 9-min runs on a LBPPT. Each included three consecutive 3-min conditions performed at 100%, 60% (unweighted running), and 100% body weight. Normal ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of 11 ipsilateral lower limb muscles were analyzed for the last 30 s of each condition in both runs. Results: Unweighted running showed muscle- and stretch-shortening cycle phase-dependent neuromuscular adjustments that were repeatable across both runs. Importantly, hamstring (BF, biceps femoris; STSM, semitendinosus/semimembranosus) muscle activity increased during the braking (BF: +44 ± 18%, p < 0.001) and push-off (BF: +49 ± 12% and STSM: +123 ± 14%, p < 0.001 for both) phases, and even more so for ANX(+) than for ANX(−). During the braking phase, only ANX(+) showed significant increases in BF (+41 ± 15%, p < 0.001) and STSM (+53 ± 27%, p < 0.001) activities. During the push-off phase, ANX(+) showed a more than twofold increase in STSM activity compared to ANX(−) (+119 ± 10% vs. +48 ± 27, p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: The increase in hamstring activity during the braking and push-off phases may have accelerated the subsequent swing of the free-leg, likely counteracting the unweighting-induced slowing of stride frequency. This was even more pronounced in ANX(+) than in ANX(−), in an increased attempt not to deviate from their preferred running pattern. These results highlight the importance of individualizing LBPPT training and rehabilitation protocols, with particular attention to individuals with weak or injured hamstrings.
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spelling pubmed-102727752023-06-17 Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety Fazzari, Camille Macchi, Robin Ressam, Camélia Kunimasa, Yoko Nicol, Caroline Martha, Cécile Bolmont, Benoît Sainton, Patrick Hays, Arnaud Vercruyssen, Fabrice Lapole, Thomas Bossard, Martin Casanova, Rémy Bringoux, Lionel Chavet, Pascale Front Physiol Physiology Introduction: Originally developed for astronauts, lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) are increasingly being used in sports and clinical settings because they allow for unweighted running. However, the neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running remain understudied. They would be limited for certain lower limb muscles and interindividually variable. This study investigated whether this might be related to familiarization and/or trait anxiety. Methods: Forty healthy male runners were divided into two equal groups with contrasting levels of trait anxiety (high, ANX(+), n = 20 vs. low, ANX(−), n = 20). They completed two 9-min runs on a LBPPT. Each included three consecutive 3-min conditions performed at 100%, 60% (unweighted running), and 100% body weight. Normal ground reaction force and electromyographic activity of 11 ipsilateral lower limb muscles were analyzed for the last 30 s of each condition in both runs. Results: Unweighted running showed muscle- and stretch-shortening cycle phase-dependent neuromuscular adjustments that were repeatable across both runs. Importantly, hamstring (BF, biceps femoris; STSM, semitendinosus/semimembranosus) muscle activity increased during the braking (BF: +44 ± 18%, p < 0.001) and push-off (BF: +49 ± 12% and STSM: +123 ± 14%, p < 0.001 for both) phases, and even more so for ANX(+) than for ANX(−). During the braking phase, only ANX(+) showed significant increases in BF (+41 ± 15%, p < 0.001) and STSM (+53 ± 27%, p < 0.001) activities. During the push-off phase, ANX(+) showed a more than twofold increase in STSM activity compared to ANX(−) (+119 ± 10% vs. +48 ± 27, p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: The increase in hamstring activity during the braking and push-off phases may have accelerated the subsequent swing of the free-leg, likely counteracting the unweighting-induced slowing of stride frequency. This was even more pronounced in ANX(+) than in ANX(−), in an increased attempt not to deviate from their preferred running pattern. These results highlight the importance of individualizing LBPPT training and rehabilitation protocols, with particular attention to individuals with weak or injured hamstrings. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10272775/ /pubmed/37334048 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1212198 Text en Copyright © 2023 Fazzari, Macchi, Ressam, Kunimasa, Nicol, Martha, Bolmont, Sainton, Hays, Vercruyssen, Lapole, Bossard, Casanova, Bringoux and Chavet. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Fazzari, Camille
Macchi, Robin
Ressam, Camélia
Kunimasa, Yoko
Nicol, Caroline
Martha, Cécile
Bolmont, Benoît
Sainton, Patrick
Hays, Arnaud
Vercruyssen, Fabrice
Lapole, Thomas
Bossard, Martin
Casanova, Rémy
Bringoux, Lionel
Chavet, Pascale
Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title_full Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title_fullStr Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title_full_unstemmed Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title_short Neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
title_sort neuromuscular adjustments to unweighted running: the increase in hamstring activity is sensitive to trait anxiety
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272775/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37334048
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1212198
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