Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea
Local Ethiopians use Calpurnia aurea to treat skin infections. However, there is no adequate scientific confirmation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the crude and the fractionated extracts of C. aurea leaves against different bacterial strains. The crude extrac...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10275858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36837-3 |
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author | Wasihun, Yared Alekaw Habteweld, Habtemariam Dires Ayenew, Kassahun |
author_facet | Wasihun, Yared Alekaw Habteweld, Habtemariam Dires Ayenew, Kassahun |
author_sort | Wasihun, Yared |
collection | PubMed |
description | Local Ethiopians use Calpurnia aurea to treat skin infections. However, there is no adequate scientific confirmation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the crude and the fractionated extracts of C. aurea leaves against different bacterial strains. The crude extract was made by maceration. The Soxhlet extraction method was used to obtain fractional extracts. The antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains was performed using the agar diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined through the microtiter broth dilution method. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done using standard techniques. The largest yield was obtained from ethanol fractional extract. Except for chloroform, which provided a relatively low yield when compared to petroleum ether, increasing the polarity of the extracting solvent improved the yield. The crude extract, solvent fractions, and the positive control showed inhibitory zone diameter, while the negative control did not. When used at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, the crude extract had similar antibacterial effects as gentamicin (0.1 mg/ml) and the ethanol fraction. The 2.5 mg/ml crude ethanol extract of C. aurea suppressed the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, according to the MIC values. The extract of C. aurea was more effective in inhibiting P. aeruginosa than the other gram-negative bacteria. Fractionation enhanced the antibacterial effect of the extract. All fractionated extracts showed the highest inhibition zone diameter against S. aureus. Petroleum ether extract had the greatest inhibition zone diameter against all bacterial strains. The non-polar components were more active compared to the more polar fractions. The phytochemical components discovered in the leaves of C. aurea included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Among these, the tannin content was remarkably high. The current results could provide a rational support for the traditional use of C. aurea to treat skin infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10275858 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102758582023-06-18 Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea Wasihun, Yared Alekaw Habteweld, Habtemariam Dires Ayenew, Kassahun Sci Rep Article Local Ethiopians use Calpurnia aurea to treat skin infections. However, there is no adequate scientific confirmation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the crude and the fractionated extracts of C. aurea leaves against different bacterial strains. The crude extract was made by maceration. The Soxhlet extraction method was used to obtain fractional extracts. The antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains was performed using the agar diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined through the microtiter broth dilution method. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done using standard techniques. The largest yield was obtained from ethanol fractional extract. Except for chloroform, which provided a relatively low yield when compared to petroleum ether, increasing the polarity of the extracting solvent improved the yield. The crude extract, solvent fractions, and the positive control showed inhibitory zone diameter, while the negative control did not. When used at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, the crude extract had similar antibacterial effects as gentamicin (0.1 mg/ml) and the ethanol fraction. The 2.5 mg/ml crude ethanol extract of C. aurea suppressed the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, according to the MIC values. The extract of C. aurea was more effective in inhibiting P. aeruginosa than the other gram-negative bacteria. Fractionation enhanced the antibacterial effect of the extract. All fractionated extracts showed the highest inhibition zone diameter against S. aureus. Petroleum ether extract had the greatest inhibition zone diameter against all bacterial strains. The non-polar components were more active compared to the more polar fractions. The phytochemical components discovered in the leaves of C. aurea included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Among these, the tannin content was remarkably high. The current results could provide a rational support for the traditional use of C. aurea to treat skin infections. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10275858/ /pubmed/37328478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36837-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Wasihun, Yared Alekaw Habteweld, Habtemariam Dires Ayenew, Kassahun Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title | Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title_full | Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title_fullStr | Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title_short | Antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea |
title_sort | antibacterial activity and phytochemical components of leaf extract of calpurnia aurea |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10275858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36837-3 |
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