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Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous ds...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9 |
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author | Yuan, Jing Xu, Li Bao, Hai-Juan Wang, Jie-lin Zhao, Yang Chen, Shuo |
author_facet | Yuan, Jing Xu, Li Bao, Hai-Juan Wang, Jie-lin Zhao, Yang Chen, Shuo |
author_sort | Yuan, Jing |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10276482 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102764822023-06-18 Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy Yuan, Jing Xu, Li Bao, Hai-Juan Wang, Jie-lin Zhao, Yang Chen, Shuo J Exp Clin Cancer Res Review Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy. BioMed Central 2023-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10276482/ /pubmed/37328893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Review Yuan, Jing Xu, Li Bao, Hai-Juan Wang, Jie-lin Zhao, Yang Chen, Shuo Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title_full | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title_fullStr | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title_short | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
title_sort | biological roles of a-to-i editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9 |
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