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Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous ds...

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Autores principales: Yuan, Jing, Xu, Li, Bao, Hai-Juan, Wang, Jie-lin, Zhao, Yang, Chen, Shuo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9
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author Yuan, Jing
Xu, Li
Bao, Hai-Juan
Wang, Jie-lin
Zhao, Yang
Chen, Shuo
author_facet Yuan, Jing
Xu, Li
Bao, Hai-Juan
Wang, Jie-lin
Zhao, Yang
Chen, Shuo
author_sort Yuan, Jing
collection PubMed
description Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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spelling pubmed-102764822023-06-18 Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy Yuan, Jing Xu, Li Bao, Hai-Juan Wang, Jie-lin Zhao, Yang Chen, Shuo J Exp Clin Cancer Res Review Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy. BioMed Central 2023-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10276482/ /pubmed/37328893 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Yuan, Jing
Xu, Li
Bao, Hai-Juan
Wang, Jie-lin
Zhao, Yang
Chen, Shuo
Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title_full Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title_short Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
title_sort biological roles of a-to-i editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37328893
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9
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