Bowel Ischemia Secondary to Campylobacter Enterocolitis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Campylobacter is the most common cause of diarrheal illness worldwide and is generally self-limiting. We present two cases of Campylobacter enterocolitis complicated by bowel ischemia in a 79-year-old male and a 53-year-old male, both presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea and elevated lactate and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. CT demonstrated common findings of pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and portal venous gas. Exploratory laparotomy performed on the former demonstrated extensive small bowel infarction that was noncompatible with life and he was palliated postoperatively. The latter improved clinically after resection of the ischemic section of the small bowel with primary stapled anastomosis and closure. Clinicians need to be aware of the potentially fatal complications of Campylobacter-associated enterocolitis and should maintain a high clinical index of suspicion so that early surgical intervention can be considered in this patient population.